Chapter 5, Lexeme Formation: Further Afield Video Solutions, Introducing Morphology

Problem 1

The Austronesian language Leti has a process that derives nouns meaning 'the act of V-ing' from verbs. Consider the data below (from Blevins 1999: 390 ):
a. What is the morphological rule that creates nouns from verbs in Leti? What kind of a rule is it?
b. Now consider the following forms:
Divide these new words into morphemes and discuss what changes you need to make to the morphological rule you wrote for part (a) in order to account for this new data.

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06:09

Problem 2

The examples below are from Yurok (Algic) (data from Garrett 2001:
274):
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text{kepiet}&\text{Fhather}&\text{meptopis}&\text{Theteisssevinalfariepah'}\\\hline&\text{"here'salawer} & \text { herlefu } & \text { Theses a serkes of uhes' } \\
\hline \text { perch } & \text { to splet? } & \text { pergesst } & \text { Is splt in severel pleres" } \\
\hline \text { san } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Wa aak" } \\
\text { (inerens) }
\end{array} & \text { stiven } & \text { lo and several tamest } \\
\hline \text { Etun } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { 7e be vusk } \\
\text { mogrted }
\end{array} & \text { whetun } & \begin{array}{l}
\text { lo be stude mguther } \\
\text { n wewral alwies? }
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$
Write a word formation rule that derives the Yurok forms in the second column from the corresponding base in the first column. Make sure to include both the structural and semantic effects of the rule. What kind of a morphological rule is this?

Lara Gossage

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Consider the data below from Kannada (Dravidian) (data from Sridhar 1990: 268):
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text { witon } & \text { 'god' } \\\hline \text { kan } & \text { "being with powers equal is "kten" } \\\hline\text { ???? } & \text { beins smalket, weaker than "kiton" } \\\hline \text { butan } & \text { being other than Kilon' (eg, spirts,ghosts)' } \\\hline \text { kesu } & \text { 'Whapper wom eggaind told } \\\hline \text { kasa } & \text { "ckth equavakent is "etsd"in size and lexture' } \\\hline \text { kisi } & \text { 'imall or tin piece of doty' } \\\hline \text { lusa } & \text { "ary other materialuseable apainat cold" } \\\hline\end{array}$$

Propose an analysis of this process. What kind of word formation rule is at work here?

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Problem 4

In Gita? (Austro-Asiatic) a number of different forms can be derived from a noun base, as the examples here show (data from McCarthy 1983 ):
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text { kiton } & \text { 'god' } \\\hline \text { kan } & \text { beng with powen equal is "kter" } \\\hline \text { kìn } & \text { beins smalke, weaker than "kion" } \\\hline \text { lutan } & \text { being other than "kiton' (eg, spints, ghosts)' }\\\hline\text { kesu } & \text { wrapper wom sugaind cold" } \\\hline \text { kasa } & \text { "ckoth equivalent is "kesu" in size andlexture" } \\\hline \text { (wisi } & \text { 'small of thin piece of dott' } \\\hline \text { bas } & \text { 'any other material useableagainst cold' } \\\hline\end{array}$$
Propose an analysis of this process. What kind of word formation rule is at work here?

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02:41

Problem 5

The following words, taken from Yu $(2004: 620)$, are characteristic of the speech of the character Homer Simpson from the animated TV show The Simpsons. In this data, Homer Simpson seems to display a process of infixation:
Is this like real cases of infixation that we saw in this chapter? If so, why? If not, why not? Try to formulate a precise rule for Homer Simpson infixation.

Joseph Liao

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The following examples from Amharic (Afro-Asiatic) illustrate a form of language disguise or play language (like Pig Latin) used by young women in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa (McCarthy 1984: 306):
$$\begin{array}{lll}\text { g"aro } & \text { 'backyard' g"gyrar } \\\text { gin } & \text { but' } & \text { gaynen } \\\text { matta } &\text{'come' } & \text { mayt'at } \\\text { kfu } & \text { 'cruel' } & \text { kayfof } \\\text { hed } & \text { 'go' } & \text {hayded}\\\text{man } & \text { 'who' } & \text { maynen }\end{array}$$
Figure out the morphological rule that creates the play language version (the third column) of the Amharic words. What kind of morphological rule is this?

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Problem 7

Consider the following, from Alabama (Muskogean) (Hardy and Montler 1988: 394):
Describe the word formation process that derives the words in the second column from those in the first column. What kind of morphological process is this?

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01:33

Problem 8

The following data come from Koasati (Muskogean) (Kimball 1991: 351). Write a word formation rule for the process that they illustrate:

Melvin Adkins

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

The language Semai (Austro-Asiatic) derives what Diflloth(1976) calls expressive forms from nouns using a process of reduplication. Consider the data below and try to formulate the rule of reduplication (data from Diffloth 1976: 252-6):

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05:37

Problem 10

Examine the data below from Huastec (Uto-Aztecan) (data from Edmonson 1995: 380-2). Identify the morphemes and try to assign them meanings. Discuss anything that strikes you as unusual in these data.

Leah Lampen

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

The following data are from the Hualapai (Yuman) (from Watahomigie, Bender, and Yamamoto 1982: 197-8). Discuss the process that is used to form the adjectives/verbs from nouns.
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { chud } & \text { "ninter } & \text { dhusk } & \text { wineny. } \\
\hline \sin & \text { "ilays" } & \text { swit } & \text { 'clamby } \\
\hline \text { ii } & \text { mood } & \text { nt } & \text { woody } \\
\hline \text { mudabwid } & \text { miinine } & \text { madekid } & \text { Whiwhindy } \\
\hline \text { ghripl } & \text { yeunger shing } & \text { ?rin } & \text { to hase a youret sting? } \\
\hline \text { benkiety } & \text { lence } & \text { bulsind it } & \text { so fence } \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

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