Objective NCERT at your FINGERTIPS: Biology

NCERT

Chapter 12

Mineral Nutrition - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

of growing plants in a nutrient solution, in technique of giowny is called as plete abselice ther culture $\begin{array}{ll}\text { roponics } & \text { (d) soil culture. }\end{array}$ lydroponics

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Problem 2

(u experimental set-up is used(3) to show that $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ is required during photosynthesis
(o) to show that $0_{2}$ is evolved during photosynthesis
(d) for nutrient solution culture
(1) to measure growth of a plant.

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Problem 3

Hpdoponics or soilless culture helps in knowing
(a) essentiality of an element
(b) deficiency symptoms caused by an element
(d) taxicity caused by an element
(d) all of these.

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Problem 4

The technique of hydroponics is being employed for the canmercial production of vegetables like
(a) tomato
(b) cucumber
(d) lettuce
(d) all of these.

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Problem 5

The technique of hydroponics was first demonstrated by
(a) M. Calvin (1961)
(b) Julius Von Sachs (1860)
(d) Amon (1940)
(d) Hoagland (1940). Select the corre

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Problem 6

(0). Select the correct statement(s) regarding the solution ollure techniques.
(a) Successful hydroponic culture requires a large volume of nutrient solution or frequent adjustment of the nutrient solution to prevent roots from producing

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Problem 7

ELEMENTS Which of the following is not a criterion for an element?
(a) Requirement of the element is specific
(b) Necessary for normal growth and reproduction
(c) Not replaceable by another element
(d) Indirectly involved in plant metabolism

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Problem 8

plant metabolism Select the option that contains micronutrients only.
(a) $\mathrm{Mn}, \mathrm{Mo}_{0} \mathrm{Zn}$
(b) $C, H, N$
(c) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{P}, \mathrm{O}$
(d) $M n, K_{i}$ S

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Problem 9

I) $M n, K_{i}, S$ Which of the following are macronutrients?
(a) Carbon, nitrogen
(b) Oxygen, phosphorus
(c) Potassium, sulphur
(d) All of these

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Problem 10

All of these Micronutrients are present in plant tissues in concentrations less than of dry matter.
(a) $1 \mathrm{~m}$-mole $\mathrm{kg}^{-1}$
(b) $10 \mathrm{~m}$-mole $\mathrm{kg}^{-1}$
(c) $0.1 \mathrm{~m}$-mole $\mathrm{kg}^{-1}$
(d) $2 \mathrm{~m}$-mole $\mathrm{kg}^{-1}$

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Problem 11

The inorganic essential elements which are obtained from the soil are called as
(a) mineral elements
(b) non-mineral elements
(c) non-essential elements
(d) both (b) and (c). Th

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Problem 12

() The non-mineral elements are
(a) $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{O}$
(b) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Mg}$
(c) $\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Co}, \mathrm{Mn}$
(d) $\mathrm{Cu}, \mathrm{Mo}, \mathrm{N}$.

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Problem 13

More than elements of the so far are found in different plants.
(a) 60,105
(b) 105,60
(c) 30,60
(d) 4,105

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Problem 14

Which of the following is not one of the three plant macronutrients included in most fertilizers?
(a) 0
(c) $\mathrm{P}$
(b) $\mathrm{N}$
(d) $K$

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Problem 15

(d) $\mathrm{K}$ Which of the four most abundant elements in most plants (C, H, O and N), does a terrestrial green plant procure mainly through its roots from the soil?
(a) $\mathrm{H}$ and $\mathrm{O}$
(b) $\mathrm{H}$ and $\mathrm{N}$
(c) $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{O}$
(d) 0 and $\mathrm{N}$ Essential elements

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Problem 16

Essential elements are
(u) 0 and $\mathrm{N}$
(a) only macronutrients
(b) only micronutrients
(c) both macro and micronutrients
(d) C, H, O and $\mathrm{N}$ only.

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Problem 17

Essential elements are
(u) 0 and $\mathrm{N}$
(a) only macronutrients
(b) only micronutrients
(c) both macro and micronutrients
(d) C, H, O and $\mathrm{N}$ only.

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Problem 18

and $\mathrm{Mg}$. Minerals associated with redox reactions are
(a) $\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(b) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(c) $\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(d) $\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Fe}$. Which

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Problem 19

and $\mathrm{Mg}$. Minerals associated with redox reactions are
(a) $\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(b) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(c) $\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Cu}$
(d) $\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Fe}$. Which

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Problem 20

$\mathbf{K}$
Match Column-l with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I Column-II (Activator element) $\quad$ (Enzyme)
A. $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$
(i) Nitrate reductase
B. $\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$
(ii) RuBisCO, PEPCO
C. $\mathrm{Mo}$
(iii) Alcohol dehydrogenase
(a) $\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{C})-(\mathrm{i})$
(b) $\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{C})-(\mathrm{i})$
(c) $\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{C})-(\mathrm{ii})$
(d) $A-(i i), B-(i),(C)-(i i i)$
Whict

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Problem 21

Which one of the following essential elements plays an important role in opening and closing of stomata?
(a) $\mathrm{Mg}$
(b) $K$
(c) $\mathrm{Mn}$
(d) $P$

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Problem 22

Sulphur is a constituent of which of the following amino acids?
(a) Threonine
(b) Cysteine
(c) Methionine
(d) Both (b) $\&(c)$

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Problem 23

Deficiency symptoms of readily mobilised essential elements will first appear in
(a) younger tissues
(b) older tissues
(c) roots
(d) shoots

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Problem 24

Deficiency symptoms of readily mobilised essential elements will first appear in
(a) younger tissues
(b) older tissues
(c) roots
(d) shoots

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Problem 25

Shoots The two elements responsible for $\mathrm{O}_{2}$, during photosynthesis are splitting of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{1}$
(a) $\mathrm{Mn}$ and $\mathrm{Mo}$
(b) $\mathrm{Ca}$ (c) $M n$ and $\mathrm{Cl}$ (d) $\mathrm{Ca}$ and $\mathrm{Mg}$
(d) $\mathrm{Mg}$ and $\mathrm{C}$ Phosphorus (P) is a

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Problem 26

9 and $\mathrm{ct}$ Phosphorus (P) is a structural element $\begin{array}{ll}\text { (a) cell membranes } & \text { (b) proteins }\end{array}$
(c) nucleic acids
(d) all of these Read the qiven stateme

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Problem 27

all of these Read the given statements and select the cor Statement 1 : Deficiency symptoms of first visible in the senescent leaves. on, $K$ and Statement $2:$ Biomolecules containing
available for mobilising to younger leaves. these tla
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and 2 is the correct explanation of statement sthy
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but slattere is not the correct explanation of statement 1
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. Select the incorrectly mate

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Problem 28

ect. Select the incorrectly matched pair.
(a) Magnesium (Mg) - Formation of mitotic spint
(b) Iron (Fe) - Formation of chlorophyll
(c) Chlorine (CI) - Anion-cation balance in the (t)
(d) Sulphur (S) - Component of vitamins

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Problem 29

While in $N, K$ and $M g$ deficiency, chlorosis appeart; leaves; in $S$ and $C a$ deficiency, the first to be affected.
(a) young, old
(b) old, young
(c) old, old
(d) young, young

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Problem 30

Chlorosis i.e. loss of chlorophyll leading to yellonsy leaves, is caused by the deficiency of
(a) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Mg}$
(b) S, Fe, Zn
(c) $\mathrm{Mn}, \mathrm{Mo}, \mathrm{Mg}$
(d) All of these.

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Problem 31

Necrosis mainly occurs by the deficiency of
(a) $\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Mg}$
(b) $N, 5$
(c) $\mathrm{Mn}, \mathrm{Mo}$
(d) $\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Mn}$.

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Problem 32

Deficiency of which of the following elements delay flouz in plants?
(a) $\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Mn}, \mathrm{Mo}$
(b) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{M}_{0}$
(c) $\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{K}$
(d) $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{S}$

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Problem 33

$N$
correct statement regarding manganese
blecti the getere of brown spots surrounded by chlorotic $p_{0}^{\prime 0}$ doparance
(a) Reins of Ca translocation in shoot apex Inhibition of Cofiencies of $\mathrm{Mg}$ and $\mathrm{Fe}$
(b) Induction
id All of these

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Problem 34

ents (e.g. The same.
Whle decrease increase, decrease $($ d) decrease, decrease
id increase,

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Problem 35

$[$ ich edges appear in leaves deficient in 16
(b) calcium potassium $\quad$ (d) phosphorus.
(a) powgnesium

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Problem 36

maconutrient is a comporient of all organic The but is not obtained from soil.
(b) hydrogen
(2) carbon
(d) nitrogen
(d) oxygen

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Problem 37

Neqosis refers to
(a) intibition of cell division
(b) delaj in flowering
(c) death of tissues
ie) falling of leaves.

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Problem 38

Sorte functions of a nutrient element are given below.
if Important constituent of proteins involved in ETS.
[i) Activator of catalase.
(ii) Important constituent of cytochrome.
(v) Essential for chlorophyll synthesis.
The concerned nutrient is
(a) $\mathrm{CU}$
(b) $\mathrm{Fe}$
id $\mathrm{Ca}$
(d) $\mathrm{Mo}$

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Problem 39

Which of the following is not a deficiency symptom of minerals?
(a) Internode shortening
(b) Necrosis
(c) Chlorosis
(d) Etiolation

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Problem 40

Select the correctly matched pair.
(a) Zinc - Helps to maintain the ribosome structure
(b) Magnesium
- Needed during the formation of
(c) Calcium mitotic spindle
- Plays a role in the opening and
(d) Manganese closing of stomata
- Needed in the splitting of photosynthesis

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Problem 41

Best defined function of manganese in green plants is
(a) photolysis of water
(b) Calvin cycle
(c) nitrogen fixation
(d) water absorption.

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Problem 42

Which of the following minerals actim 275 involved in respiration?
(a) nitrogen and phosphorus
(b) magnesium and manganese
(c) potassium and calcium
(d) sulphur and iron Mhi-

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Problem 43

Which one of the following helps in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants?
(a) Glomus
(c) Frankia
(d) Anabaena
(b) Rhizobium
Premature leaf fa

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Problem 44

(C) Anabaena Premature leaf fall is due to deficiency of
(a) sodium
(c) zinc $\quad$ (b) potassium
Mineral ion
(d) phosphorus.

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Problem 45

(d) phosphorus. Mineral ion concentration in tissues that reduces the dry weight of tissues by about $10 \%$ is considered as
(a) critical concentration
(b) toxic concentration
(c) optimum concentration
(d) beneficial concentration.

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Problem 46

Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 :Soil serves as a reservoir of essential elements.

Statement $2:$ Soil develops, over the years, through physical and chemical weathering of rocks.
(a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .
(b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .
(c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

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Problem 47

Incorrect. Mineral salts are translocated through (i) along with the
(ii) stream of water, which is pulled up through the plant by transpirational pull. Fill up the blanks in the given statement and select the correct option.
(i)
(ii)
(a) xylem ascending
(b) xylem descending
(c) phloem ascending
(d) phloem descending

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Problem 48

With reference to absorption of minerals, the term 'outer space' represents
(a) intercellular space and cell wall; cytoplasm and vacuole
(b) cytoplasm and vacuole; intercellular space and cell wall
(c) intercellular space; vacuole
(d) cytoplasm; vacuole

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Problem 49

49. Which of the following statements about mineral absorption in plants is correct?
(a) In the initial phase rapid uptake of ions into the outer
(b) In the final phase, ions are taken in slowly into the inner space - the symplast of cells, and is an active process.
(c) Passive movement of lons into the apoplast occurs through ion-channels, trans-membrane proteins which act as selective pores.
(d) All of these.

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Problem 50

Mineral nutrients absorbed by roots, move to leaves through
(a) xylem
(b) phloem
(c) sieve tube
(d) companion cell.

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Problem 51

Minerals are absorbed in the form of
(a) molecules
(b) ions
(c) compounds
(d) mixtures.

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Problem 52

Nepenthes, Ufricularia and Drosera all are
(a) autotrophs
(b) soprotrophs
(c) insectivores
(d) parasites.

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Problem 53

Leghaemoglobin is produced in response to
(a) respiration
(b) fatty acid oxidation
(c) photosynthesis
(d) $N_{2}$-fixation.

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Problem 54

Which of the following is a non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokanyote?
(a) Apotobacter
(b) Clostridium
(c) Eejerinotia
(d) All of these.

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Problem 55

Which of the following is a non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing prokanyote?
(a) Apotobacter
(b) Clostridium
(c) Eejerinotia
(d) All of these.

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Problem 56

conditions are created by leghaemoglobin in the roct noctu'e of a legume.
(a) Aercbic
(b) Anaerobic
(c) Acidic
(d) Alkaline

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Problem 57

77. Select the cction which completes the given equation for
(1)
(II)
(a) a-ketoglutaric acid Irensaminase
(2) a-Ketogitaric acid Glutamate dehydrogenase
(d) Aspargine Glutamate dehydrogenase
(d) Glutamine Transaminase

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Problem 58

$0 \mathrm{bj}_{j}$
Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form an
of
(a) biological $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ fixation $s_{a t_{1}}$
(b) natural $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ fixation
(c) industrial $N_{2}$ fixation
(d) electrical $\mathrm{N}_{2}^{2}$ fixation.

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Problem 59

The process of conversion of atmospheric
$\begin{aligned}&\text { nitrogenous compounds like } \mathrm{NH}_{3} \text {, is termed ee } \\&\text { (a) nitrification } & \text { (b) nitrate }\end{aligned}$
(c) $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ fixation
(d) ammonification Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dow

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Problem 60

cation. Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead
$\begin{aligned}&\text { animals into ammonia is called } \\&\begin{array}{ll}\text { (a) nitrification } & \text { (b) nitrate reduction }\end{array} \\&\text { (c) } N_{2} \text {-fixation } & \text { (d) }\end{aligned}$
(d) ammonification Match Column= $/$ with Column-

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Problem 61

cation. Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead
$\begin{aligned}&\text { animals into ammonia is called } \\&\begin{array}{ll}\text { (a) nitrification } & \text { (b) nitrate reduction }\end{array} \\&\text { (c) } N_{2} \text {-fixation } & \text { (d) }\end{aligned}$
(d) ammonification Match Column= $/$ with Column-

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Problem 62

(ii), B-(iii), Cofi) is a free-living $N_{2}$-fixing aerobic bacten
(a) Rhodospirillum
(b) Azotobacter
(c) Clostridium
(d) Rhizobium Select the mismatched pair.

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Problem 63

Select the mismatched pair.
(a) Symbiotic bacteria
- Rhizobium, Franga
(b) Symbiotic cyanobacteria - Frankia, Aulosira
(c) Free-living bacteria
- Beijerincka, Arthe
(d) None of these

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Problem 64

Symbiotic bacteria are found in the root nodules of repie of family
(a) Solanaceae
(b) Asteraceae
(c) Leguminosae
(d) Malvaceae.

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Problem 65

15. Read the following statements and select the or? answer.
(i) Rhizobium leguminosarum is also known as sol\}
racicicola.
(ii) Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas etc. chemoautotrophs.
(Dii) Encyme nitrogenase foxes $N$, under aerobic corot:
(iv) Leg-haemoglobin creates aerobic conditiors ís enzyme nitrogenase.
(a) Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(b) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct
(c) Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) All statements are correct

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Problem 66

ran major constituent of proteins, nucleic
$i$
one is the mofmones?
(b) $\mathrm{N}$
(d) 5 20
(1) $k$ in its reduced form is

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Problem 67

(1) $K$ of nutrient in its reduced form is (d a of a elen in CO.2 Qre arton in $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
(a) $\mathrm{m}$ dogen in $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$
(d) sulphut.

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Problem 68

Al N_ fubacteria frers ozes
(b) Algae
6.
(d) Protista.
(a) plantae

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Problem 69

(d) that is the opposite of nitrogen fixation is pocess
ne potrification
(b) denitrification
(a) anenonification
(d) nitrate reduction.

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Problem 70

(drgest reservoir of nitrogen on earth is (b) air
(B)
id oceans

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Problem 71

pring $N_{2}$, fixation, reduction of itto 2 molecules of $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ consumes molecules of ATP.
(b) 16
(a) 4
(d) 38
(d) 56

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Problem 72

pring $N_{2}$, fixation, reduction of itto 2 molecules of $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ consumes molecules of ATP.
(b) 16
(a) 4
(d) 38
(d) 56

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Problem 73

|eentify the labels $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ in the given outline of $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ cycle and select the correct option.Y
(a) Denitrification Ammonification
(b) $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ fixation $\quad$ Ammonification
(c) Ammonification Denitrification
(d) Nitrification Denitrification
16

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Problem 74

Denitrification
If by radiation all nitrogenase there will be no
(a) fixation of nitrogen in legumes
(b) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
(c) conversion from nitrate to nitrite in legumes
(d) conversion from ammonium to nitrate in soil.
N.-fixino hlu

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Problem 75

II to nitrate in soil. $\mathrm{N}_{2}$-fixing blue-green alga Anabaena which is extensively used in rice cultivation, forms symbiotic association with
(a) Cycas roots
(b) Azolla
(c) Anthoceros
(d) Alnus. Cort

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Problem 76

Alnus. Certain non-leguminous plants also form nodules to fix $\mathrm{N}_{2}$. Example of such plants is
(a) Alnus
(b) Casuarina
(c) Myrica
(d) all of these

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Problem 77

P The bacterium belonging to group Actinomycetes, produces $\mathrm{N}_{2}$-fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plants (e.g. Alnus).
(a) Frankia
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Rhodospirillum
(d) Clostridium Wrh

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Problem 78

Which of the following statements is incorrect about leghaemoglobin?
(a) It acts as $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ scavenger.
(b) It imparts pink or red colour to the nodules.
(c) It combines with $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ and protects nitrogenase.
(d) It is a Mo-Fe protein.

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Problem 79

It represents
(a) oxidative amination
(b) reductive amination
(c) transamination
(d) deamination.

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Problem 80

n.
Refer the given reaction. What does it depict? $\mathrm{H}$(a) Oxidative amination
(b) Reductive amination
(c) Transamination ?
(d) Deamination

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Problem 81

The process of transfer of amino group from one amino acid to the keto group of a keto acid is called as
(a) oxidative amination
(b) reductive amination
(c) transamination
(d) deamination

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Problem 82

10
From acid, more than 17 amino acids are formed through transamination.
(a) aspartic
(b) glutamic
(c) acetic
(d) pyruvic

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Problem 83

16
Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Passive transport of nutrients - ATP
(b) Macroelement - Fe
(c) Tank Hydroponics-Gericke
(d) Denitrification - Beijerinckia

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Problem 84

Which one of the following is a free-living obligate anaerobic bacterium?
(a) Clostridium
(b) Rhodospirillum
(c) Azotobacter
(d) Bacillus subtilis

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Problem 85

The cofactor of nitrate reductase is
(a) $\mathrm{Cu}$
(b) $\mathrm{Zn}$
(c) $\mathrm{Ca}$
(d) Mo.

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Problem 86

Read the following statements and select the incorrect ones.
(i) The co-ordinated activities of the legume and Rhizobium bacteria depend on chemical interactions between the symbiotic partners.
(ii) Leguminous roots secrete chemical attractants that attract Rhizobium bacteria living nearby.
(iii) $N, P$ and $K$ usually do not get deficient in soil due to their low plant requirement. (iv) Nitrogen cycle is regular circulation of nitrogen amongst living organisms with its reservoir pool in lithosphere and cycling pool in atmosphere.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

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Problem 87

Nitrifying bacteria $\mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{j}} \mathrm{jec}$
(a) oxidize ammonia to nitrates
(b) convert free nitrogen to nitrogen
(c) convert proteins into ammonia (d) reduce nitrates to free nitrogen.

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Problem 88

The limiting factor in nitrogen fixation of
(a) soil nature ( $\mathrm{pH}$ ) (b) light
(c) temperature
(d) air.
Ni ic aheare

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Problem 89

Nitrogen is absorbed by plants in form of
(a) $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$
(b) $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$
(c) $\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}$
(d) both
(a) and (d in Nepenthes (nitcho

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Problem 90

and (c) In Nepenthes (pitcher plant), the pitcher is formed, modification of
(a) leaf petiole
(b) leaf lamina
(c) tendril
(d) leaflet,

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Problem 91

$l$
The process of conversion of soil nitrates $N_{2}$ is called (I) and is carried outes ith
(ii) . |
II
(a) nitrification $\quad$ Nitrosomonas
(b) denitrification Nitrobacter
(c) denitrification Thiobacillus
(d) $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ fixation Rhizobium

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Problem 92

Insectivorous plants grow in soil
(a) rich in nitrates
(b) rich in phosphates
(c) deficient in nitrates
(d) rich in calcium.

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Problem 93

For its action, nitrogenase requires
(a) high input of energy
(b) super oxygen radicals.
(c) $\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}$
(d) none of these

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Problem 94

What do we call the nutrition method of insectim. plants?
(a) Heterotrophic
(b) Saprotrophic
(c) Partial heterotrophic
(d) Parasitic

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