15. Read the following statements and select the or? answer....

15. Read the following statements and select the or? answer. (i) Rhizobium leguminosarum is also known as sol\} racicicola. (ii) Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas etc. chemoautotrophs. (Dii) Encyme nitrogenase foxes $N$, under aerobic corot: (iv) Leg-haemoglobin creates aerobic conditiors ís enzyme nitrogenase. (a) Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct (b) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct (c) Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct (d) All statements are correct

15. Read the following statements and select the or? answer.
(i) Rhizobium leguminosarum is also known as sol\}
racicicola.
(ii) Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas etc. chemoautotrophs.
(Dii) Encyme nitrogenase foxes $N$, under aerobic corot:
(iv) Leg-haemoglobin creates aerobic conditiors ís enzyme nitrogenase.
(a) Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(b) Statements (i) and (ii) are correct
(c) Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) All statements are correct

Key Concepts

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

This is the process by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia, a form that can be assimilated by plants. It is essential for the nitrogen cycle, contributing to the fertility of soils without the need for chemical fertilizers.

Nitrogenase Enzyme

Nitrogenase is the key enzyme responsible for the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia during biological nitrogen fixation. The enzyme is highly sensitive to oxygen and functions optimally under low-oxygen conditions, which is a critical factor in the regulation of nitrogen fixation.

Rhizobium Symbiosis

Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants by infecting their roots and establishing root nodules. Within these nodules, the bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms the plant can use, while the plant provides carbohydrates to the bacteria in return.

Chemoautotrophy

Chemoautotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances, using carbon dioxide as their carbon source. In the context of the nitrogen cycle, nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas oxidize ammonia to nitrite, playing a vital role in soil nitrogen transformations.

Leghemoglobin

Leghemoglobin is a plant-produced protein found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. It binds to oxygen, helping to maintain a low-oxygen environment that is essential for the function of the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzyme during the process of nitrogen fixation.

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