Chapter Questions
What evidence led Sherrington to conclude that transmission at a synapse is different from transmission along an axon?
What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?
What was Sherrington's evidence for inhibition in the nervous system?
What ion gates in the membrane open during an EPSP? What gates open during an IPSP?
Can an inhibitory message flow along an axon?
What was Loewi's evidence that neurotransmission depends on the release of chemicals?
What does a highly active brain area do to increase its blood supply?
Name the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.
When the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, which ion must enter the presynaptic terminal to evoke release of the neurotransmitter?
How do ionotropic and metabotropic synapses differ in speed and duration of effects?
What are second messengers, and which type of synapse relies on them?
How are neuropeptides special compared to other transmitters?
How do LSD, nicotine, and opiate drugs influence behavior?
What happens to acetylcholine molecules after they stimulate a postsynaptic receptor?
What happens to serotonin and catecholamine molecules after they stimulate a postsynaptic receptor?
How do amphetamine and cocaine influence dopamine synapses?
Why is methylphenidate generally less disruptive to behavior than cocaine is despite the drugs' similar mechanisms?
How do cannabinoids affect neurons?
Which part of the pituitary-anterior or posterior-is neural tissue, similar to the hypothalamus? Which part is glandular tissue and produces hormones that control the secretions by other endocrine organs?
In what way is a neuropeptide intermediate between neurotransmitters and hormones?