Biology 2015

Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht

Chapter 19

Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is the scientific name of an organism?
a. Rosa rugosa
b. Rosa
c. rugosa
d. Rugosa rugosa
e. Both a and d are correct

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Problem 2

Which of the following describes systematics?
a. studies evolutionary relationships
b. includes taxonomy and classification
c. includes phylogenetic trees
d. utilizes fossil, morphological, and molecular data
e. All of these are correct.

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Problem 3

The classification category below the level of family is
a. class.
b. species.
c. phylum.
d. genus.
e. order.

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Problem 4

Which of the following are domains? Choose more than one answer if correct.
a. Bacteria
b. Archaea
c. Eukarya
d. Animals
e. Plants

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Problem 5

Which of these characteristics is shared by bacteria and archaea? Choose more than one answer if correct.
a. presence of a nucleus
b. absence of a nucleus
c. presence of ribosomes
d. absence of membrane-bound organelles
e. presence of a cell wall

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Problem 6

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. fungi—prokaryotic single cells
b. plants—nucleated
c. plants—flowers and mosses
d. animals—arthropods and humans
e. protists—single-celled eukaryotes

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Problem 7

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. fungi—heterotrophic by absorption
b. plants—usually photosynthetic
c. animals—rarely ingestive
d. protists—various modes of nutrition
e. Both c and d are mismatched.

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Problem 8

Which of the following traits would be considered a derived trait in primates?
a. shoulder rotation
b. production of breast milk
c. hair
d. opposable thumb
e. a tail

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Problem 9

Concerning a phylogenetic tree, which is incorrect?
a. Dates of divergence are always given.
b. Common ancestors give rise to descendants.
c. The more recently evolved organisms are always at the top of the tree.
d. Ancestors have primitive characteristics.

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Problem 10

Which pair is mismatched?
a. homology—character similarity due to a common ancestor
b. molecular data—matching DNA strands
c. fossil record—bones and teeth
d. homology—functions always differ
e. molecular data—molecular clock

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Problem 11

The discovery of common ancestors in the fossil record, the presence of homologies, and nucleic acid similarities help scientists decide
a. how to classify organisms.
b. how to determine the proper cladogram.
c. how to construct phylogenetic trees.
d. how evolution occurred.
e. All of these are correct.

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