Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 29

The Fungi - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Fungi are (a) eukaryotes and opisthokonts (b) prokaryotes and opisthokonts (c) flagellate and dikaryotic (d) autotrophic eukaryotes (e) heterotrophs with cellulose cell walls

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Problem 2

Which of the following fungi does not have a mycelium? (a) black bread mold (b) yeast (c) decomposer cup fungus (d) cultivated mushroom (e) Penicillium

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Problem 3

A cell described as $n+n$ is (a) monokaryotic (b) diploid (c) haploid (d) coenocytic (e) dikaryotic

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Problem 4

With the exception of chytridiomycetes, fungi are generally disseminated by (a) water currents (b) fragmentation of hyphae (c) soredia (d) airborne spores (e) flagellate zoospores

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Problem 5

Which statement is not true of the chytrids? (a) they are simple aquatic fungi (b) they produce motile cells with single, posterior flagella (c) they undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction
(d) their cells are dikaryotic (e) they were the earliest fungi to evolve

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Problem 6

Which statement is not true of the zygomycetes? (a) many members of this group form endomycorrhizae with tree roots (b) their sexual spores are called zygospores (c) they undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction (d) plasmogamy and karyogamy occur (e) they have coenocytic hyphae

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Problem 7

Glomeromycetes (a) reproduce mainly by sexual spores called glomerospores (b) are characterized by unique structures called polar tubes (c) associate with cyanobacteria to form lichens (d) include many opportunistic pathogens that cause human disease (e) form arbuscular endomycorrhizae with tree roots

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Problem 8

The ascomycete life cycle typically includes (a) mainly diploid thalli (b) the formation of a thick zygosporangium (c) the production of eight haploid ascospores within an ascus (d) the production of microsporidia (e) the production of ascospores, zoospores, and conidia at different stages

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Problem 9

Which statement is not true of the basidiomycetes? (a) they produce a secondary mycelium with $n+n$ hyphae (b) their sexual spores are called basidiospores (c) they have a diploid thallus that produces zoospores (d) reproduction is mainly sexual (e) they have microscopic basidia

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Problem 10

A combination organism consisting of a photoautotroph and a fungus is called (a) an arbuscular endomycorrhiza (b) an ectomycorrhiza (c) a lichen (d) a pathogenic agent (e) an aflatoxin

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Problem 11

Mutualistic associations between fungi and the roots of plants are called (a) lichens (b) mycorrhizae (c) pathogenic associations (d) parasitic haustoria (e) mycotoxic symbioses

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Problem 12

When a fungus infects a plant, it (a) infiltrates leaves with lichens (b) forms relationships by attaching mycorrhizae to stems (c) secretes powerful digestive juices onto the leaves
(d) uses haustoria to dissolve roots (e) enters leaves or stems through stomata

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Problem 13

The secondary mycelium of a basidiomycete is shown here. (a) How would you describe its cells? (b) What stage of its life cycle is it in? $(c)$ Draw the next steps in this stage of its life cycle.

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Problem 14

Explain the statement "Mushrooms are like the tips of icebergs." If you do not see mushrooms in your lawn, can you conclude that no fungi live there? Why or why not?

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Problem 15

EVOLUTION LINK Justify (a) classifying fungi as opisthokonts, (b) classifying microsporidia as fungi, and (c) grouping ascomycetes and basidiomycetes as sister clades.

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Problem 16

CONNECT The development of safe and effective antifungal agents presents a daunting challenge to researchers. Explain. (Hint: Drugs that combat bacterial diseases typically target differences between bacterial cells and those of the host.)

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Problem 17

Develop an argument for or against the use of scientific resources, including the latest technology, to sequence the genomes of fungi.

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