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Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 45

The Immune System: Internal Defense - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

02:29

Problem 1

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
01:49

Problem 2

Cytokines (a) are regulatory Toll-like receptors (b) prevent the inflammatory response (c) include interferons and interleukins (d) are immunoglobulins (e) $b$ and $c$ are correct

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 3

Which of the following is not an action of complement? (a) enhances phagocytosis (b) enhances inflammatory response (c) coats pathogens (d) lyses viruses (e) stimulates production of memory T cells.

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
03:10

Problem 4

Which of the following cells are antigen-presenting cells? (a) NK cells and monocytes (b) macrophages and plasma cells (c) dendritic cells and macrophages (d) mast cells and B cells (e) memory T cells and plasma cells.

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:56

Problem 5

Which of the following cells are especially adept at destroying tumor cells? (a) NK cells (b) plasma cells (c) neutrophils (d) B cytotoxic cells (e) mast cells

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
01:09

Problem 6

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a) consists of Y-shaped molecules (b) encodes certain antibodies (c) encodes Toll-like receptors (d) inhibits complement release from macrophages (e) encodes a group of cell-surface proteins.

Nimi Das
Nimi Das
Numerade Educator
02:17

Problem 7

Immunoglobulin A (a) recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (b) binds with NK cells (c) prevents pathogens from attaching to epithelial surfaces (d) is found mainly on dendritic cell surfaces (e) is found mainly on T-cell surfaces

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:09

Problem 8

When a person is exposed to the same antigen a second time, the response is (a) less specific than the first time (b) more rapid than the first time (c) mediated by dendritic cells (d) likely to lead to development of an autoimmune disease (e) a hypersensitivity reaction

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:43

Problem 9

In an allergic reaction, (a) an allergen binds with $\lg \mathrm{E}$ (b) the body is immunodeficient (c) T helper cells release histamine (d) allergens are produced by plasma cells (e) mast cells are deactivated

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:31

Problem 10

Which sequence most accurately describes antibody-mediated immunity?1. B cell divides and gives rise to clone 2 . antibodies produced 3. cells differentiate and form plasma cells $4 .$ activated T helper cell interacts with B cell displaying same antigen complex 5. B cell activated (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 (c) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 (d) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (e) 4, 3, 1, 2, 5.

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 11

Label the diagram and explain what this diagram illustrates.

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
01:15

Problem 12

Specificity, diversity, and memory are key features of the immune system. Giving specific examples, explain how each of these features is important.

Nimi Das
Nimi Das
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 13

What would be the effects of a significant reduction of macrophages in the body? Which do you think would have a greater effect on the immune system: significant decrease of macrophages or of memory B cells?

Nimi Das
Nimi Das
Numerade Educator
01:54

Problem 14

A playmate in kindergarten exposes John and Jack to measles. John has been immunized against measles, but Jack has not received the measles vaccine. How are their immune responses different? Five years later, John and Jack are playing together when Judy, who is coming down with measles, sneezes on both of them. Is it probable that either John or Jack will become ill with measles?

Nimi Das
Nimi Das
Numerade Educator
05:01

Problem 15

The enzymes Ragl and Rag2 cut and rearrange DNA, producing millions of specific antibodies and T-cel receptors. Immunologists thought that the genes (Rag1 and Rag2) that encode these enzymes were found only in jawed vertebrates. However, investigators have found similar genes in the purple sea urchin. What does this finding suggest about the evolution of the adaptive immune system?

Sana Riaz
Sana Riaz
Numerade Educator
08:19

Problem 16

Imagine that you are a researcher developing new HIV treatments. What approaches might you take? What public policy decisions would you recommend that might help slow the spread of HIV while new treatments or vaccines are being developed? What role might technology play in slowing the spread of HIV?

Sana Riaz
Sana Riaz
Numerade Educator