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Successful Writing at Work

Philip C. Kolin

Chapter 2

The Writing Process at Work - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

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Problem 1

Following is a writer’s initial brainstormed list for a report on stress in the workplace. Revise the brainstormed list, eliminating repetition and combining related items.
$$
\begin{array}{lc}
\text { - leads to absenteeism } & \text {-low morale caused by stress } \\
\text { - high costs for compensation for } & \text { - higher insurance claims for employ- } \\
\text { stress-related illnesses } & \text { ees' physical ailments } \\
\text { - proper nutrition } & - \text { myth to see stress leading to greater } \\
\text { - numerous stress-reduction techniques } & \text { productivity } \\
\text { - good idea to conduct interviews to } & \text { - various videos used to teach relaxation } \\
\text { find out levels, causes, and extent } & \text { - environmental factors-too hot? } \\
\text { of stress in the workplace } & \text { too cold? }
\text {-teamwork intensifies stress } & \text { - need for privacy } \\
\text { - counseling } & \text {-interpersonal communication } \\
\text {-work overload } & \text { - employee's need for clear policies } \\
\text {-setting priorities } & \text { on transfers, promotion } \\
\text { - wellness campaign } & \text {-stress management workshops very } \\
\text { - savings per employee add up to } & \text { successful in California } \\
\text { \$6,150 per year } & \text { - physical activity to relieve stress } \\
\text { - skills to relax } & \text { - affects management } \\
\text { - learning to get along with co-workers } & \text { - breathing exercises }
\end{array}
$$

Taylor Jordan
Taylor Jordan
Numerade Educator
04:00

Problem 2

Prepare a suitable outline from your revised list in Exercise 1 for a report to a decision-maker on the problems of stress in the workplace and the necessity of creating a stress management program.

Lottie Adams
Lottie Adams
Numerade Educator
04:00

Problem 3

From the revised brainstormed list in Exercise 1, write a one-page memo to a decision maker about how the problems of stress negatively affect workplace production.

Lottie Adams
Lottie Adams
Numerade Educator
06:37

Problem 4

You have been asked to write a short report (two to three pages) to the manager of the small company you work for on a topic of your choice. Prepare a cluster diagram similar to that on flextime in Figure 2.1. Add, delete, or rearrange anything in the diagram to complete your outline. Submit your final outline along with your report to your instructor.

David Gagnon
David Gagnon
Numerade Educator
01:43

Problem 5

Compare the draft of Marcus Weekley's report in Figure 2.4 with the final copy of his report in Figure 2.5. What kinds of changes did he make? Were they appropriate and effective for his audience and purpose? Why or why not?

Manik Pulyani
Manik Pulyani
Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Assume you have been asked to write a short report (two to three pages) to a decision maker (the manager of a business you work for or have worked for; the director of your campus union, library, or security; a city official) about one of the following topics:
a. recruitment of more specialists in your field
b. Internet resources
c. security lighting
d. food service
e. health care plans
f. public transportation
g. sporting events/activities
h. team building/morale
i. greening the workplace/community
j. hiring more part-time student workers
Then do relevant research and planning about one of those topics and the audience for whom it is intended by answering the following questions:
$\bullet$ What is my precise purpose in writing to my audience?
$\bullet$ What do I know about the topic?
$\bullet$ What information will my audience expect me to know?
$\bullet$ Where can I obtain relevant information about my topic to meet my audience's needs?

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Problem 7

Using one or more of the planning strategies discussed in this chapter (clustering, brainstorming, outlining), generate a group of ideas for the topic you chose in Exercise 6. Work on your planning activities for about 15-20 minutes or until you have about ten to fifteen items. At this stage, do not worry about how appropriate your ideas are or even if some of them overlap. Just get some thoughts down on paper.

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Problem 8

Go through the list you prepared in Exercise 7, and eliminate any entries that are inappropriate for your topic or audience or that overlap. Try to see how many entries you might expand or rearrange into categories or subcategories. Then create an outline similar to the one in Figure 2.3.

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01:40

Problem 9

Using your outline from Exercise 8, prepare three drafts of your memo report. Submit at least two drafts to your instructor.

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Ankit Gupta
Numerade Educator
00:24

Problem 10

Revise your drafts in Exercise 9 as much as necessary to create your final report.

Allison Knapp
Allison Knapp
Numerade Educator

Problem 11

In a few paragraphs, explain to your instructor the changes you made between your early drafts and your final revision in Exercise 10. Explain why you made them. Concentrate on major changes-adding and moving paragraphs-as well as matters of style, tone, and even format.

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01:29

Problem 12

In an email to your instructor, describe any problems you encountered while working on your report in Exercises 6-10. Also point out any planning, drafting, and revising strategies that worked especially well for you.

Anna Jones
Anna Jones
Numerade Educator

Problem 13

The following paragraph is wordy and full of awkward, hard-to-read sentences. Edit these paragraphs to make them more readable and user friendly by using clear and concise words and sentences. It has been verified conclusively by this writer that our institution must of necessity install more bicycle holding racks for the convenience of students, faculty, and staff. These parking modules should be fastened securely to walls outside strategic locations on the campus. They could be positioned there by work crews or even by the security forces who vigilantly and constantly patrol the campus grounds. There are many students in particular who would value the installation of these racks. Their bicycles could be stationed there by them, and they would know that safety measures have been taken to ensure that none of their bicycles would be apprehended or confiscated illegally. Besides the precaution factor, these racks would afford users maximized convenience in utilizing their means of transportation when they have academic business to conduct, whether at the learning resource center or in the instructional facilities.

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Problem 14

Following are very early drafts of memos that businesspeople have sent to their bosses or co-workers. Revise and edit each draft, referring to the Revision Checklist on page 70. Turn in your revision and the final, reader-ready copy. As you revise, keep in mind that you may have to delete and add information, rearrange the order of information, and make the tone suitable for your readers. As you edit, make sure your sentences are clear and concise.
a. TO: All workers
FROM: B, J. Blackwell
DATE: February 3, 2016
RE: $\quad$ Parking
The parking violations around here have gotten very, very bad. And the administration is provoked and wants some action taken. I don’t blame them. I have been late for meetings several times in the last month because inconsiderate folks from other divisions have parked their cars in our zone. That just is not fair, and so we in our department must not be the only ones who are upset. No wonder the management finds things so bad they have asked me to prepare this memo.
A big part of the problem it seems to me is that employees just cannot read signs. They park in the wrong zones. They also park in visitors’ spots. The penalties areg oing to be stiff. The administration, or so I was led to believe, is thinking of fining any employee who does not obey the parking policies. I know for a fact that I saw someone from the research department pull right into a visitor parking area last week just because it was 8:55 and he did not want to be late for work. That gives our business a bad name. People will not want to do business with us if they cannot even find a parking spot in the area that the company has reserved for them.
Vice President Watson has laid the law down to me about all this and told me to let each and every one of you know that things have to improve. One of the other big problems around here is that some employees have even parked their cars in loading zones, and security had to track them down to move.
As part of the administration’s new policy, each employee is going to be issued a company parking policy and will have to come in and sign for it verifying that he received it. I think things really have gotten out of hand and that some drastic action has to be taken. We will all have to shape up around here.
b. TO: All Employees
FROM: George Holmes
DATE: October 19, 2015
RE: $\quad$ Travel
Every company has its policies regarding travel and vouchers. Ours strike me as important and fairly straightforward. Yet for the life of me I cannot fathom why they are being ignored. It is in everyone’s best interest. When you travel, you are on company time, company business. Respect that, won’t you. Explain your purpose, keep your receipts, document your visits, keep track of meals. Do the math.
If you see more than one client per day, it should not be too hard or too much to ask you to keep a log of each, separate, individual visit. After all, our business does depend on these people, and we will never know your true contributions on company trips unless you inform us (please!) of whom you see, where, why, and how much it costs you. That way we can keep our books straight and know that everything is going according to company policy.
Please review the appropriate pages (I think they are pages 23–25) about travel procedures. Thanks. If you have questions, give me a call, but check your employee handbook or with your office/section manager, first. That will save everyone more time. Good luck.

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Problem 15

Find a piece of writing—email, memo, blog, brochure, short report, or website—that you believe was not carefully drafted or revised. In a short memo or email, point out to your instructor what is wrong with the piece of writing—for example, it is not logically organized, it uses an inappropriate tone, it is incomplete, or the information is too technical. Attach a copy of the poor example to your memo or email.

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
Numerade Educator
01:40

Problem 16

Revise the piece of poor writing you analyzed in Exercise 15. Submit your improved version to your instructor.

AG
Ankit Gupta
Numerade Educator
18:18

Problem 17

The following sentences contain sexist and other biased language. Edit them to correct these errors.
a. Every intern had to record his readings daily for the spokesman.
b. Although Marcel was an amputee, he still could hunt and peck at the keyboard.
c. She saw a woman doctor, who told her to take an aspirin every day.
d. Our agency was founded to help mankind.
e. Even though John is a diabetic, he has an excellent attendance record.
f. Every social worker found her schedule taxing-not enough days in the week to help out man-to-man.
g. Maria, who is Cuban, always adds spice to company events.
h. To be a policeman, each applicant had to pass a rigorous physical and prove himself in the manly art of self-defense.
i. It's a wise man who can rise to the top in this cutthroat, volatile stock market.
j. Sandy Frain, a middle-aged Irish-born woman, came by this morning wanting an appointment to discuss the new policies on energy efficiency.
k. Mrs. Johnson is in charge of safety issues.
I. He made his PowerPoint presentation as emphatically as an Italian opera singer on stage.
m. Team B tried to disable our proposal by introducing irrelevant references to the many foreigners living on the north side.
n. The average consumer spends at least two to three hours a week on her computer looking for coupons and other bargains.
o. How many of our customers don't speak English well?
p. Our office installed new power doors to assist employees who are unable to leave their wheelchairs.
q. More mentally retarded individuals are being hired to do menial tasks on the job.

Jennifer Stoner
Jennifer Stoner
Numerade Educator