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Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter 3

Vectors - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

01:51

Problem 1

The polar coordinates of a point are $r=5.50 \mathrm{m}$ and $\theta=240^{\circ} .$ What are the Cartesian coordinates of this point?

Mukesh Devi
Mukesh Devi
Numerade Educator
03:47

Problem 2

Two points in a plane have polar coordinates $(2.50 \mathrm{m}$ $30.0^{\circ} \mathrm{J}$ and $\left(3.80 \mathrm{m}, 120.0^{\circ}\right) .$ Determine (a) the Cartesian coordinates of these points and (b) the distance between them.

Darren Wilson
Darren Wilson
Numerade Educator
02:35

Problem 3

A fly lands on one wall of a room. The lower left-hand corner of the wall is selected as the origin of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. If the fly is located at the point having coordinates $(2.00,1.00) \mathrm{m},$ (a) how far is it from the corner of the room? (b) What is its location in polar coordinates?

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
05:00

Problem 4

Two points in the $x y$ plane have Cartesian coordinates (2.00,-4.00) $\mathrm{m}$ and $(-3.00,3.00) \mathrm{m} .$ Determine (a) the distance between these points and (b) their polar coordinates.

Keshav Singh
Keshav Singh
Numerade Educator
01:12

Problem 5

If the rectangular coordinates of a point are given by $(2, y)$ and its polar coordinates are $\left(r, 30^{\circ}\right),$ determine $y$ and $r$

Pawan Yadav
Pawan Yadav
Numerade Educator
02:02

Problem 6

If the polar coordinates of the point $(x, y)$ are $(r, \theta),$ determine the polar coordinates for the points: (a) $(-x, y)$
(b) $(-2 x,-2 y),$ and $(c)(3 x,-3 y)$

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:09

Problem 7

A surveyor measures the distance across a straight river by the following method: starting directly across from a tree on the opposite bank, she walks $100 \mathrm{m}$ along the riverbank to cstablish a basclinc. Then she sights across to the tree. The angle from her bascline to the tree is $35.0^{\circ} .$ How wide is the river?

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
00:29

Problem 8

A pedestrian moves $6.00 \mathrm{km}$ east and then $13.0 \mathrm{km}$ north. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement vector using the graphical method.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
00:59

Problem 9

A plane flies from base camp to lake $A, 280 \mathrm{km}$ away, in a direction of $20.0^{\circ}$ north of east. After dropping off supplies it flies to lake $\mathrm{B}$, which is $190 \mathrm{km}$ at $30.0^{\circ}$ west of north from lake A. Graphically determine the distance and direction from lake $\mathrm{B}$ to the base camp.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
03:48

Problem 10

Vector A has a magnitude of 8.00 units and makes an angle of $45.0^{\circ}$ with the positive $x$ axis. Vector $\mathbf{B}$ also has a magnitude of 8.00 units and is directed along the negative
x axis. Using graphical methods, find (a) the vector sum $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ and $(\mathbf{b})$ the vector difference $\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B}$

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
01:04

Problem 11

A skater glides along a circular path of radius $5.00 \mathrm{m}$ If he coasts around one half of the circle, find (a) the magnitude of the displacement vector and (b) how far the person skated. (c) What is the magnitude of the displacement if he skates all the way around the circle?

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
00:37

Problem 12

A force $F_{1}$ of magnitude 6.00 units acts at the origin in a direction $30.0^{\circ}$ above the positive $x$ axis. A second force $\mathbf{F}_{2}$ of magnitude 5.00 units acts at the origin in the direction of the positive $y$ axis. Find graphically the magnitude and direction of the resultant force $\mathbf{F}_{1}+\mathbf{F}_{2}$

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:06

Problem 13

Arbitrarily define the "instantancous vector height" of a person as the displacement vector from the point halfway between his or her feet to the top of the head. Make an order-of-magnitude estimate of the total vector height of all the pcople in a city of population 100000 (a) at 10 o'clock on a Tucsday morning, and (b) at 5 o'clock on a Saturday morning. Explain your reasoning.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
04:33

Problem 14

A dog searching for a bone walks $3.50 \mathrm{m}$ south, then runs $8.20 \mathrm{m}$ at an angle $30.0^{\circ}$ north of east, and finally walks $15.0 \mathrm{m}$ west. Find the dog's resultant displacement vector using graphical techniques.

Vishal Gupta
Vishal Gupta
Numerade Educator
12:32

Problem 15

Each of the displacement vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ shown in Fig. P3.15 has a magnitude of $3.00 \mathrm{m}$. Find graphically (a) $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B},(\mathbf{b}) \mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B},(\mathbf{c}) \mathbf{B}-\mathbf{A},(\mathrm{d}) \mathbf{A}-\mathbf{2} \mathbf{B} .$ Report all angles
counterclockwise from the positive $x$ axis.
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 16

Three displacements are $\mathbf{A}=200 \mathrm{m},$ due south; $\mathbf{B}=$ $250 \mathrm{m},$ due west; $\mathrm{C}=150 \mathrm{m}, 30.0^{\circ}$ east of north. Construct a separate diagram for each of the following possible ways of adding these vectors: $\mathbf{R}_{1}=\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{C} ; \mathbf{R}_{2}=$
$\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{C}+\mathbf{A} ; \mathbf{R}_{3}=\mathbf{C}+\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{A}$

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
00:47

Problem 17

A roller coaster car moves 200 ft horizontally, and then rises $135 \mathrm{ft}$ at an angle of $30.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. It then travels $135 \mathrm{ft}$ at an angle of $40.0^{\circ}$ downward. What is its displacement from its starting point? Use graphical techniques.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
02:00

Problem 18

Find the horizontal and vertical components of the $100-\mathrm{m}$ displacement of a superhero who flies from the top of a tall building following the path shown in Fig. P3.18.

Keshav Singh
Keshav Singh
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 19

A vector has an $x$ component of -25.0 units and a $y$ component of 40.0 units. Find the magnitude and direction of this vector.

Prabhu Ramji
Prabhu Ramji
Numerade Educator
01:28

Problem 20

A person walks $25.0^{\circ}$ north of east for $3.10 \mathrm{km} .$ How far would she have to walk due north and due east to arrive at the same location?

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
01:36

Problem 21

Obtain expressions in component form for the position vectors having the following polar coordinates: (a) $12.8 \mathrm{m}$ $150^{\circ}$ (b) $3.30 \mathrm{cm}, 60.0^{\circ}$ (c) 22.0 in., $215^{\circ}$

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
00:54

Problem 22

A displacement vector lying in the $x y$ plane has a magnitude of $50.0 \mathrm{m}$ and is directed at an angle of $120^{\circ}$ to the positive $x$ axis. What are the rectangular components of this vector?

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
02:22

Problem 23

A girl delivering newspapers covers her route by traveling 3.00 blocks west, 4.00 blocks north, and then 6.00 blocks east. (a) What is her resultant displacement? (b) What is the total distance she travels?

Darren Wilson
Darren Wilson
Numerade Educator
03:09

Problem 24

In $1992,$ Akira Matsushima, from Japan, rode a unicycle across the United States, covering about $4800 \mathrm{km}$ in $\sin$ weeks. Suppose that, during that trip, he had to find his way through a city with plenty of one-way streets. In the city center, Matsushima had to travel in sequence $280 \mathrm{m}$ north, $220 \mathrm{m}$ cast, $360 \mathrm{m}$ north, $300 \mathrm{m}$ west, $120 \mathrm{m}$ south, $60.0 \mathrm{m}$ east, $40.0 \mathrm{m}$ south, $90.0 \mathrm{m}$ west (road construction) and then $70.0 \mathrm{m}$ north. At that point, he stopped to rest. Meanwhile, a curious crow decided to fly the distance from his starting point to the rest location directly ("as the crow flics". It took the crow 40.0 s to cover that distance. Assuming the velocity of the crow was constant, find its magnitude and direction.

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
09:15

Problem 25

While exploring a cave, a spelunker starts at the entrance and moves the following distances. She goes $75.0 \mathrm{m}$ north, $250 \mathrm{m}$ east, $125 \mathrm{m}$ at an angle $30.0^{\circ}$ north of east, and $150 \mathrm{m}$ south. Find the resultant displacement from the Cave entrance.

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
10:08

Problem 26

A map suggests that Atlanta is 730 miles in a direction of $5.00^{\circ}$ north of east from Dallas. The same map shows that Chicago is 560 miles in a direction of $21.0^{\circ}$ west of north from Atlanta. Modeling the Earth as flat, use this information to find the displacement from Dallas to Chicago.

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
04:03

Problem 27

Given the vectors $A=2.00 \hat{i}+6.00 \hat{j}$ and $\mathbf{B}=3.00 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-$
$2.00 \mathrm{j},$ (a) draw the vector sum $\mathbf{C}=\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ and the vector difference $\mathbf{D}=\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B}$. (b) Calculate $\mathbf{C}$ and $\mathbf{D},$ first in terms of unit vectors and then in terms of polar coordinates, with angles measured with respect to the $+x$ axis.

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
02:18

Problem 28

Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of three displacements having rectangular components 2.00) $\mathrm{m}_{1}(-5.00,3.00) \mathrm{m}_{2}$ and (6.00,1.00) $\mathrm{m}$

Suhas Katkar
Suhas Katkar
Numerade Educator
05:15

Problem 29

A man pushing a mop across a floor causes it to undergo two displaccments. The first has a magnitude of $150 \mathrm{cm}$ and makes an angle of $120^{\circ}$ with the positive $x$ axis. The resultant displacement has a magnitude of $140 \mathrm{cm}$ and is directed at an angle of $35.0^{\circ}$ to the positive $x$ axis. Find the magnitude and direction of the second displacement.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:42

Problem 30

Vector $\Lambda$ has $x$ and $y$ components of $-8.70 \mathrm{cm}$ and 15.0 cm, respectively, vector $\mathbf{B}$ has $x$ and $y$ components of 13.2 $\mathrm{cm}$ and $-6.60 \mathrm{cm},$ respectively. If $\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}+8 \mathrm{C}=0,$ what are the components of $\mathbf{C} ?$

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
02:37

Problem 31

Consider the two vectors $\mathbf{A}=3 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-2 \hat{\mathbf{j}}$ and $\mathbf{B}=-\hat{\mathbf{i}}-4 \hat{\mathbf{j}}$
Calculate (a) $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B},$ (b) $\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B},(c)|\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}|,$ (d) $|\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B}|$
and (c) the directions of $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ and $\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B}$

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:56

Problem 32

Consider the three displacement vectors $\mathbf{A}=(3 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-3 \hat{\mathbf{j}}) \mathrm{m}\quad$ $\mathbf{B}=(\hat{\mathbf{i}}-4 \hat{\mathbf{j}}) \mathrm{m},$ and $\mathbf{C}=(-2 \mathbf{i}+5 \hat{\mathbf{j}}) \mathrm{m} .$ Use the compo-
nent method to determine (a) the magnitude and direction of the vector $\mathbf{D}=\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{C},$ (b) the magnitude and direction of $\mathbf{E}=-\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{C}$

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 33

A particle undergoes the follo ments: $3.50 \mathrm{m}$ south, $8.20 \mathrm{m} n$ What is the resultant displacement

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
04:13

Problem 34

In a game of American football, a quarterback takes the ball from the line of scrimmage, runs backward a distance of 10.0 yards, and then sideways parallel to the line of scrimmage for 15.0 yards. At this point, he throws a forward pass 50.0 yards straight downfield perpendicular to the line of scrimmage. What is the magnitude of the football's resultant displacement?

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 35

The helicopter view in Fig. $P 3.35$ shows two people pulling on a stubborn mule. Find (a) the single force that is equivalent to the two forces shown, and (b) the force that a third person would have to exert on the mule to make the resultant force equal to zero. The forces are measured in units of newtons (abbreviated $\mathrm{N}$ ).

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
View

Problem 36

A novice golfer on the green takes three strokes to sink the ball. The successive displacements are $4.00 \mathrm{m}$ to the north, $2.00 \mathrm{m}$ northeast, and $1.00 \mathrm{m}$ at $30.0^{\circ}$ west of south. Starting at the same initial point, an expert golfer could make the hole in what single displacement?

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
03:36

Problem 37

Use the component method to add the vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ shown in Figure P3.15. Express the resultant $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ in unit-vector notation.

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
08:15

Problem 38

In an assembly operation illustrated in Figure $P 3.38,$ a robot moves an object first straight upward and then also to the east, around an arc forming one quarter of a circle of radius $4.80 \mathrm{cm}$ that lies in an east-west vertical plane. The robot then moves the object upward and to the north, through a quarter of a circle of radius $3.70 \mathrm{cm}$ that lies in a north-south vertical plane. Find (a) the magnitude of the total displacement of the object, and (b) the angle the total displacement makes with the vertical.
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
04:15

Problem 39

Vector $\mathbf{B}$ has $x, y,$ and $z$ components of $4.00,6.00,$ and 3.00 units, respectively. Calculate the magnitude of $\mathbf{B}$ and the angles that $\mathbf{B}$ makes with the coordinate axes.

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
03:20

Problem 40

You are standing on the ground at the origin of a coordinate system. An airplanc flics over you with constant velocity parallel to the $x$ axis and at a fixed height of $7.60 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}$ At time $t=0$ the airplane is directly above you, so that the vector leading from you to it is $\mathbf{P}_{0}=\left(7.60 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}\right) \hat{\mathbf{j}} .$ At $t=30.0 \mathrm{s}$ the position vector leading from you to the airplane is $\mathbf{P}_{30}=\left(8.04 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}\right) \hat{\mathbf{i}}+\left(7.60 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}\right) \hat{\mathbf{j}} .$ De-
termine the magnitude and oricntation of the airplane's position vector at $t=45.0 \mathrm{s}$

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:49

Problem 41

The vector $A$ has $x, y,$ and $z$ components of $8.00,12.0,$ and
-4.00 units, respectively. (a) Write a vector expression for A in unit-vector notation. (b) Obtain a unit-vector expression for a vector $\mathbf{B}$ one fourth the length of A pointing in the same direction as A. (c) Obtain a unit-vector expres. sion for a vector $\mathbf{C}$ three times the length of A pointing in the dircction opposite the dircction of A.

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:09

Problem 42

Instructions for finding a buried treasure include the fol. lowing: Go 75.0 paces at $240^{\circ},$ turn to $135^{\circ}$ and walk 125 paces, then travel 100 paces at $160^{\circ} .$ The angles are measured counterclockwise from an axis pointing to the east, the $+x$ direction. Determine the resultant displacement from the starting point.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
02:12

Problem 43

Given the displacement vectors $\mathbf{A}=(3 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-4 \hat{\mathbf{j}}+4 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \mathrm{m}$ and
$\mathbf{B}=(2 \mathbf{i}+3 \mathbf{j}-7 \mathbf{k}) \mathrm{m},$ find the magnitudes of the vectors
(a) $\mathbf{C}=\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ and $(\mathbf{b}) \mathbf{D}=2 \mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B},$ also expressing each
in terms of its rectangular components.

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:46

Problem 44

A radar station locates a sinking ship at range $17.3 \mathrm{km}$ and bcaring $136^{\circ}$ clockwise from north. From the same station a rescue plane is at horizontal range $19.6 \mathrm{km}, 153^{\circ}$ clock. wise from north, with elevation $2.20 \mathrm{km} .$ (a) Write the position vector for the ship relative to the plane, letting i represent east, $j$ north, and $\mathbf{k}$ up. (b) How far apart are the plane and ship?

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
07:24

Problem 45

As it passes over Grand Rahama Island, the eye of a hurricane is moving in a direction $60.0^{\circ}$ north of west with a specd of $41.0 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h} .$ Three hours later, the course of the hurricane suddenly shifts duc north, and its specd slows to $25.0 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h} .$ How far from Grand Bahama is the cyc $4.50 \mathrm{h}$ after it passes over the island?

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
10:47

Problem 46

(a) Vector E has magnitude $17.0 \mathrm{cm}$ and is directed $27.0^{\circ}$ counterclockwise from the $+x$ axis. Express it in unitvector notation. (b) Vector $\mathbf{F}$ has magnitude $17.0 \mathrm{cm}$ and is directed $27.0^{\circ}$ counterclockwise from the $+y$ axis. Express it in unit-vector notation. (c) Vector G has magnitude $17.0 \mathrm{cm}$ and is directed $27.0^{\circ}$ clockwise from the $-y$ axis. Express it in unit-vector notation.

Yaqub Khan
Yaqub Khan
Numerade Educator
03:07

Problem 47

Vector A has a negative $x$ component 3.00 units in length and a positive $y$ component 2.00 units in length. (a) Deter. mine an expression for $\mathbf{A}$ in unit-vector notation.
(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of $\mathbf{A}$
(c) What vector $\overline{\mathbf{B}}$ when added to $\mathbf{A}$ gives a resultant vector with no $x$ component and a negative $y$ component
4.00 units in length?

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
00:44

Problem 48

An airplane starting from airport A flies $300 \mathrm{km}$ east, then $350 \mathrm{km}$ at $30.0^{\circ}$ west of north, and then $150 \mathrm{km}$ north to arrive finally at airport B. (a) The next day, another plane flies directly from $A$ to $B$ in a straight line. In what direc. tion should the pilot travel in this direct flight? (b) How far will the pilot travel in this direct flight? Assume there is no wind during these flights.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
04:18

Problem 49

Three displacement vectors of a croquet ball are shown in Figure $\mathrm{P} 3.49,$ where $|\mathrm{A}|=20.0$ units, $|\mathrm{B}|=40.0$ units, and $|\mathbf{C}|=30.0$ units. Find (a) the resultant in unit-vector notation and (b) the magnitude and dircction of the resultant displacement.
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 50

Two vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ have precisely equal magnitudes. In order for the magnitude of $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ to be one hundred times larger than the magnitude of $\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B},$ what must be the angle between them?

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 51

Two vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ have precisely equal magnitudes. In order for the magnitude of $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ to be one hundred times larger than the magnitude of $\mathbf{A}-\mathbf{B},$ what must be the angle between them?

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
06:34

Problem 52

Two vectors $A$ and $B$ have precisely equal magnitudes. In order for the magnitude of $\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{B}$ to be larger than the magnitude of $A-B$ by the factor $n,$ what must be the angle between them?

Darren Wilson
Darren Wilson
Numerade Educator
05:17

Problem 53

A vector is given by $\mathbf{R}=2 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+\hat{\mathbf{j}}+3 \hat{\mathbf{k}} .$ Find $(\mathbf{a})$ the mag-
nitudes of the $x, y,$ and $z$ components, (b) the magnitude of $\mathbf{R},$ and $(\mathrm{c})$ the angles between $\mathbf{R}$ and the $x, y,$ and $z$ axes.

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
01:13

Problem 54

The biggest stuffed animal in the world is a snake $420 \mathrm{m}$ long, constructed by Norwegian children. Suppose the snake is laid out in a park as shown in Figure $\mathrm{P} 3.54,$ forming two straight sides of a $105^{\circ}$ angle, with one side $240 \mathrm{m}$ long. Olaf and Inge run a race they invent. Inge runs directly from the tail of the snake to its head and Olaf starts from the same place at the same time but runs along the snake. If both children run steadily at $12.0 \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h},$ Inge reaches the head of the snake how much earlier than Olaf?
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
05:40

Problem 55

An air-traffic controller observes two aircraft on his radar screen. The first is at altitude $800 \mathrm{m},$ horizontal distance $19.2 \mathrm{km},$ and $25.0^{\circ}$ south of west. The second aircraft is at altitude $1100 \mathrm{m},$ horizontal distance $17.6 \mathrm{km},$ and $20.0^{\circ}$ south of west. What is the distance between the two aircraft? (Place the $x$ axis west, the $y$ axis south, and the zaxis vertical.)

Keshav Singh
Keshav Singh
Numerade Educator
05:19

Problem 56

A ferry boat transports tourists among three islands. It sails from the first island to the second island, $4.76 \mathrm{km}$ away, in a direction $37.0^{\circ}$ north of east. It then sails from the sec. ond island to the third island in a direction $69.0^{\circ}$ west of north. Finally it returns to the first island, sailing in a direction $28.0^{\circ}$ east of south. Calculate the distance between
(a) the second and third islands (b) the first and third islands.

Sheh Lit Chang
Sheh Lit Chang
University of Washington
02:20

Problem 57

The rectangle shown in Figure $\mathrm{P} 3.57$ has sides parallel to the $x$ and $y$ axes. The position vectors of two corners are $\mathbf{A}=10.0 \mathrm{m}$ at $50.0^{\circ}$ and $\mathbf{B}=12.0 \mathrm{m}$ at $30.0^{\circ} .$ (a) Find the perimeter of the rectangle. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of the vector from the origin to the upper right corner of the rectangle.
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:15

Problem 58

Find the sum of these four vector forces: $12.0 \mathrm{N}$ to the right at $35.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal, $31.0 \mathrm{N}$ to the left at $55.0^{\circ}$ above the horizontal, $8.40 \mathrm{N}$ to the left at $35.0^{\circ} \mathrm{be}$ low the horizontal, and $24.0 \mathrm{N}$ to the right at $55.0^{\circ}$ below the horizontal. Follow these steps: Make a drawing of this situation and sclect the best axcs for $x$ and $y$ so you have the least number of components. Then add the vectors by the component method.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:44

Problem 59

A person going for a walk follows the path shown in Fig. P3.59. The total trip consists of four straight-line paths. At the end of the walk, what is the person's resultant displacement measured from the starting point?
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:42

Problem 60

The instantancous position of an object is specificd by its position vector $\mathbf{r}$ leading from a fixcd origin to the location of the point object. Suppose that for a certain object the position vector is a function of time, given by $r=4 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}-2 t \hat{k},$ where $r$ is in meters and $t$ is in seconds. Evaluate $d \mathbf{r} / d t$. What does it represent about the object?

Jack Gage
Jack Gage
Numerade Educator
04:02

Problem 61

A jet airliner, moving initially at $300 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h}$ to the east, suddenly enters a region where the wind is blowing at $100 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h}$ toward the direction $30.0^{\circ}$ north of cast. What are the new speed and direction of the aircraft relative to the ground?

Vishal Gupta
Vishal Gupta
Numerade Educator
06:31

Problem 62

Long John Silver, a pirate, has buried his treasure on an island with five trees, located at the following points: $(30.0 \mathrm{m},-20.0 \mathrm{m}),(60.0 \mathrm{m}, 80.0 \mathrm{m}),(-10.0 \mathrm{m},-10.0 \mathrm{m})$
$(40.0 \mathrm{m},-30.0 \mathrm{m}),$ and $(-70.0 \mathrm{m}, 60.0 \mathrm{m}),$ all measured
relative to some origin, as in Figure $\mathrm{P} 3.62 .$ His ship's log instructs you to start at tree $A$ and move toward tree $B$, but to cover only one half the distance between $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}$. Then move toward tree $\mathrm{C}$, covering one third the distance between your currcnt location and $C$. Next move toward D covering one fourth the distance between where you are and D. Finally move towards $\mathrm{E}$, covering one fifth the distance between you and $\mathrm{E}$, stop, and dig. (a) Assume that you have correctly determined the order in which the pirate labeled the trees as $A, B, C, D,$ and $E,$ as shown in the figure. What are the coordinates of the point where his treasure is buried? (b) What if you do not really know the way the pirate labeled the trees? Rearrange the order of the trees [for instance, $\mathrm{B}(30 \mathrm{m},-20 \mathrm{m}), \mathrm{A}(60 \mathrm{m}, 80 \mathrm{m})$
$\mathrm{E}(-10 \mathrm{m},-10 \mathrm{m}), \quad \mathrm{C}(40 \mathrm{m},-30 \mathrm{m}), \quad$ and $\quad \mathrm{D}(-70 \mathrm{m}$
60 $\mathrm{m}$ ) ] and repeat the calculation to show that the answer does not depend on the order in which the trees are labeled.
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
00:50

Problem 63

Consider a game in which $N$ children position themselves at equal distances around the circumference of a circle. At the center of the circle is a rubber tire. Each child holds a rope attached to the tire and, at a signal, pulls on his rope. All children exert forces of the same magnitude $F$. In the case $N=2,$ it is ceasy to see that the net force on the tire will be zero, because the two oppositely directed force vectors add to zero. Similarly, if $N=4,6,$ or any even integer, the resultant force on the tire must be zero, because the forces exerted by each pair of oppositely positioned children will cancel. When an odd number of children are around the circle, it is not so obvious whether the total force on the central tire will be zero. (a) Calculate the net force on the tire in the case $N=3,$ by adding the components of the three force vectors. Choose the $x$ axis to lic along one of the ropes. (b) What If? Determine the net force for the general case where $N$ is any integer, odd or even, greater than one. Proceed as follows: Assume that the total force is not zero. Then it must point in some particular direction. Let every child move one position clockwise. Give a reason that the total force must then have a direction turned clockwise by $360^{\circ} / N .$ Argue that the total force must nevertheless be the same as before. Explain that the contradiction proves that the magnitude of the force is zero. This problem illustrates a widely useful technique of proving a result "by symmetry"-by using a bit of the mathematics of group theory. The particular situation is actually encountered in physics and chemistry when an array of electric charges (ions) exerts electric forces on an atom at a central position in a molecule or in a crystal.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
00:41

Problem 64

A rectangular parallelepiped has dimensions $a, b,$ and $c,$ as in Figure $P 3.64$. (a) Obtain a vector expression for the face diagonal vector $\mathbf{R}_{1} .$ What is the magnitude of this vector? (b) Obtain a vector expression for the body diagonal vector $\mathbf{R}_{2} .$ Note that $\mathbf{R}_{1}, c \mathbf{k},$ and $\mathbf{R}_{2}$ make a right triangle and prove that the magnitude of $\mathbf{R}_{2}$ is $\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}$
(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
04:36

Problem 65

Vectors $A$ and $B$ have cqual magnitudes of $5.00 .$ If the sum of $A$ and $B$ is the vector 6,00 j, determine the angle between $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$

Darren Wilson
Darren Wilson
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 66

In Figure $\mathrm{P} 3.66$ a spider is resting after starting to spin its web. The gravitational force on the spider is 0.150 newton down. The spider is supported by different tension forces in the two strands above it, so that the resultant vector force on the spider is zero. The two strands are perpendicular to each other, so we have chosen the $x$ and $y$ directions to be along them. The tension $T_{x}$ is 0.127 newton. Find (a) the tension $T_{y},$ (b) the angle the $x$ axis makes with the horizontal, and (c) the angle the $y$ axis makes with the horizontal.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 67

A point $P$ is described by the coordinates $(x, y)$ with respect to the normal Cartesian coordinate system shown in Fig. P3.67. Show that $\left(x^{\prime}, y^{\prime}\right),$ the coordinates of this point in the rotated coordinate system, are related to $(x, y)$ and the rotation angle $\alpha$ by the expressions
$$x^{\prime}=x \cos \alpha+y \sin \alpha$$
$$y^{\prime}=-x \sin \alpha+y \cos \alpha$$

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator