trigger immune responses. a. Cytokines b. Lysozymes c. Immunoglobulins d. Antigens e. Histamine

trigger immune responses. a. Cytokines b. Lysozymes c....

Key Concepts

Immune Response

An immune response is the complex series of reactions by the body's immune system to detect, target, and eliminate foreign substances. This process involves the recognition of antigens, the activation of immune cells, and the release of molecules that orchestrate both immediate and long-term defenses against pathogens.

Antigen

Antigens are molecules, often proteins or polysaccharides, that are recognized as foreign by the immune system. Their presence triggers an immune response by binding to specific receptors on immune cells, which then activate various defense mechanisms to eliminate the invader.

Transcript

00:01 For this question, it might be helpful if you understand what each of these terms means.

00:07 So here we have cytokines, we have lysosines, we have immunoglobulins, which i'm going to abbreviate ig, we have antigens, which i'm going to abbreviate ag, histamine, and all of the above.

00:36 So cytokines, if we take apart the word, we have cytokines, which means cells, and kinds, meaning moving.

00:42 So these are chemicals that are going to induce the movement and response of cells, specifically white blood cells in the body.

00:54 So white blood cell response.

01:01 Lysazimes are enzymes that can break apart, say bacteria or other foreign molecules, and they can break them into our antigen structures.

01:17 Immunoglobulins are our y -shaped proteins, and these are what bind to antigens allowing for our cells to respond to them.

01:35 Antigens are typically proteins that our immunoglobulins or cells will bind to and will cause the reaction.

01:46 So these are basically the sign or trigger to immunity.

01:54 In the book, these can either be pamps or mamps.

02:05 And pamps are pathogenic associated molecular patterns, just meaning they're molecules, a series of molecules that may cause pathogenic from a pathogenic source.

02:19 Likewise, mamps are molecular associated molecular patterns, which is just saying your body's responding to a series of molecules that cause an immune response.

02:29 Lastly, we have histamine, which is typically a chemical released by basophils, which is going to induce inflammation.

02:45 If you're familiar with antihistamines or certain medications such as benadryl or claritin, these are all antihistamines, which will reduce the swelling in the nose and the chest to prevent your seasonal allergies...

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