(a) Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of 1...

(a) Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of 1 $000 \mathrm{~m}$. Assume the density of seawater is $1024 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ and that the air above exerts a pressure of $101.3 \mathrm{kPa}$. (b) At this depth, what force must the frame around a circular submarine porthole having a diameter of $30.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ exert to counterbalance the force exerted by the water?

(a) Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of 1 $000 \mathrm{~m}$. Assume the density of seawater is $1024 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ and that the air above exerts a pressure of $101.3 \mathrm{kPa}$.
(b) At this depth, what force must the frame around a circular submarine porthole having a diameter of $30.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ exert to counterbalance the force exerted by the water?

Key Concepts

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. It increases with depth because of the weight of the overlying fluid column, and is calculated using the product of the fluid’s density, the gravitational acceleration, and the vertical depth. This concept is central to understanding pressure variations in fluids at different depths, whether in oceans, lakes, or even within the Earth’s atmosphere.

Absolute Pressure

Absolute pressure is the total pressure exerted at a point in a fluid, which is the sum of the atmospheric pressure and the hydrostatic pressure from the fluid column above. Understanding absolute pressure is important in many engineering problems to ensure accurate assessments of the total force exerted by a fluid, particularly in environments where both ambient and depth-induced pressures are significant.

Force on Submerged Surface

The force acting on a submerged surface results from the pressure exerted by the surrounding fluid over the area of that surface. This force is computed by multiplying the pressure by the area, taking into account that the pressure acting on the surface might be distributed unevenly depending on its orientation and shape. This concept is critical in designing structures that need to withstand fluid pressures, such as submarine portholes or underwater vehicles.

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