A) Les grandeurs suivantes sont-elles toutes des fonctions...

a) Les grandeurs suivantes sont-elles toutes des fonctions d'état? Énergie interne $U$ Chaleur échangée $Q$ Travail échangé $W$ Enthalpie $H$ Enthalpie libre $G$ Entropie $S$ b) Parmi les grandeurs suivantes, lesquelles sont extensives et lesquelles sont intensives? $$ \begin{array}{lll} \text { Pression } & \text { Volume } & \text { Masse volumique } \\ \text { Température } & \text { Entropie } & \text { Enthalpie } \\ \text { Capacité calorifique molaire } & \text { Masse } & \text { Concentration } \end{array} $$

a) Les grandeurs suivantes sont-elles toutes des fonctions d'état?

Énergie interne $U$
Chaleur échangée $Q$
Travail échangé $W$

Enthalpie $H$
Enthalpie libre $G$
Entropie $S$
b) Parmi les grandeurs suivantes, lesquelles sont extensives et lesquelles sont intensives?
$$
\begin{array}{lll}
\text { Pression } & \text { Volume } & \text { Masse volumique } \\
\text { Température } & \text { Entropie } & \text { Enthalpie } \\
\text { Capacité calorifique molaire } & \text { Masse } & \text { Concentration }
\end{array}
$$

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Key Concepts

Intensive Properties

Intensive properties are characteristics of a system that do not depend on the system size or the amount of material present. These properties are inherent to the system and remain constant when the system is divided into smaller parts. Examples include temperature, pressure, density, and concentration.

Extensive Properties

Extensive properties are characteristics of a system that scale with the size or amount of material present. They are additive for subsystems, meaning that the total property for a combined system is the sum of the properties of its parts. Examples include volume, mass, total entropy, and enthalpy.

State Functions

State functions are properties of a system that depend only on the current state of the system, not on the path taken to reach that state. In thermodynamics, quantities such as internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy are state functions because their changes depend solely on the initial and final states of the system.

Path Functions

Path functions are properties that depend on the specific process or pathway taken between two states. In thermodynamics, heat exchanged (Q) and work exchanged (W) are classic examples of path functions because their values cannot be determined solely by the end states of a process, but require detailed information about the process itself.

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