Question

(a) Show that if $V(r)$ is a two-particle interaction that depends only on the distance $r$ between the particles, the matrix element of the interaction in the k-representation may be reduced to $$ \left\langle\mathbf{k}_3 \mathbf{k}_4|V| \mathbf{k}_1 \mathbf{k}_2\right\rangle=\delta\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_4\right) \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^3} \int V(r) e^{-t q \cdot \mathbf{r}} d^3 r $$ where $\hbar \mathbf{q}$ is the momentum transfer $\hbar\left(\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_1\right)$. (b) For this interaction, show that the mutual potential energy operator is $$ \mathscr{V}=\frac{1}{2} \iiint d^3 k_1 d^3 k_2 d^3 q \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_2\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_1\right) \boldsymbol{F}(\mathbf{q}) $$ where $F(\mathbf{q})$ is the Fourier transform of the displacement-invariant interaction.

   (a) Show that if $V(r)$ is a two-particle interaction that depends only on the distance $r$ between the particles, the matrix element of the interaction in the k-representation may be reduced to
$$
\left\langle\mathbf{k}_3 \mathbf{k}_4|V| \mathbf{k}_1 \mathbf{k}_2\right\rangle=\delta\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_4\right) \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^3} \int V(r) e^{-t q \cdot \mathbf{r}} d^3 r
$$
where $\hbar \mathbf{q}$ is the momentum transfer $\hbar\left(\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_1\right)$.
(b) For this interaction, show that the mutual potential energy operator is
$$
\mathscr{V}=\frac{1}{2} \iiint d^3 k_1 d^3 k_2 d^3 q \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_2\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_1\right) \boldsymbol{F}(\mathbf{q})
$$
where $F(\mathbf{q})$ is the Fourier transform of the displacement-invariant interaction.
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Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
Eugen Merzbacher 3rd Edition
Chapter 21, Problem 1 ↓

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Step 1: Start with the expression for the matrix element of the interaction in the k-representation: $$ \left\langle\mathbf{k}_3 \mathbf{k}_4|V| \mathbf{k}_1 \mathbf{k}_2\right\rangle = \int d^3 r \phi_{\mathbf{k}_3}^{*}(\mathbf{r})  Show more…

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(a) Show that if $V(r)$ is a two-particle interaction that depends only on the distance $r$ between the particles, the matrix element of the interaction in the k-representation may be reduced to $$ \left\langle\mathbf{k}_3 \mathbf{k}_4|V| \mathbf{k}_1 \mathbf{k}_2\right\rangle=\delta\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_4\right) \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^3} \int V(r) e^{-t q \cdot \mathbf{r}} d^3 r $$ where $\hbar \mathbf{q}$ is the momentum transfer $\hbar\left(\mathbf{k}_3-\mathbf{k}_1\right)$. (b) For this interaction, show that the mutual potential energy operator is $$ \mathscr{V}=\frac{1}{2} \iiint d^3 k_1 d^3 k_2 d^3 q \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_1+\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}^{\dagger}\left(\mathbf{k}_2-\mathbf{q}\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_2\right) \boldsymbol{\phi}\left(\mathbf{k}_1\right) \boldsymbol{F}(\mathbf{q}) $$ where $F(\mathbf{q})$ is the Fourier transform of the displacement-invariant interaction.
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