A solution at 25^∘ C contains 1.0 M Cd^2+, 1.0 MAg^+, 1.0 M Au^3+, and 1.0 M Ni^2+ in the cathod

step 1 The order of reduction will be based on the reduction potentials. The one that has the greatest

A solution at 25^∘ C contains 1.0 M Cd^2+, 1.0 MAg^+, 1.0 M...

A solution at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ contains $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Cd}^{2+}, 1.0 \mathrm{MAg}^{+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Au}^{3+}$, and $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ni}^{2+}$ in the cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell. Predict the order in which the metals will plate out as the voltage is gradually increased.

A solution at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ contains $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Cd}^{2+}, 1.0 \mathrm{MAg}^{+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Au}^{3+}$,
and $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ni}^{2+}$ in the cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell. Predict the order in which the metals will plate out as the voltage is gradually increased.

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Key Concepts

Electrodeposition Order

The electrodeposition order is determined by the reduction potentials of metal ions; as the applied voltage is gradually increased, the ions with the most positive (favorable) reduction potentials are reduced first. This principle helps in predicting which metals will plate out sequentially in a mixed-ion solution based on their ease of reduction.

Standard Electrode Potentials

Standard electrode potentials indicate the inherent tendency of a chemical species to be reduced under standard conditions. They provide a scale that allows comparison of different redox couples, and a more positive potential means that a species is more readily reduced. This concept is key for predicting the order of metal deposition since metals with higher (more positive) reduction potentials will tend to plate out first at the cathode during electrolysis.

Electrolysis

Electrolysis is a process in which electrical energy is used to induce a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. In an electrolytic cell, applying a voltage causes ions in solution to migrate toward electrodes, where reduction or oxidation occurs. Understanding the fundamentals of electrolysis is crucial for determining the sequence in which different metal ions will be reduced and deposit on the cathode.

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