Acetone (nail polish remover) has a boiling point of 56.2^∘ C. The change, (CH3)2 CO(l) ⟶(CH3)2

step 1 To answer this question, we first need to recognize that any boiling point, any phase change tem

Acetone (nail polish remover) has a boiling point of 56.2^∘...

Acetone (nail polish remover) has a boiling point of $56.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The change, $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}(l) \longrightarrow\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}(g),$ has $\Delta H^{\circ}=31.9 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$. What is $\Delta S^{\circ}$ for this change?

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Key Concepts

Phase Transition

A phase transition is a process where matter changes from one state (e.g., liquid) to another (e.g., gas). This involves latent heat, meaning energy is required or released without a change in temperature during the transition.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy (?G) is a thermodynamic quantity defined by the equation ?G = ?H - T?S, where ?H is the enthalpy change, ?S is the entropy change, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. At equilibrium, such as at the boiling point, ?G is zero.

Enthalpy and Entropy Relationship

The relationship between enthalpy and entropy is central in determining the spontaneity of a process. At the phase change point where ?G = 0, the ratio of ?H to T gives the value of ?S, linking the energy absorbed or released to the change in disorder.

Temperature Conversion

In thermodynamics, temperatures must be in Kelvin when used in equations like ?G = ?H - T?S. Converting from Celsius to Kelvin is necessary to ensure that energy calculations are performed using the correct absolute temperature scale.

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