An electrochemical cell consists of a standard hydrogen...

An electrochemical cell consists of a standard hydrogen electrode and a copper metal electrode. If the copper electrode is placed in a solution of $0.10 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ that is saturated with $\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$, what is the cell potential at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\left[\mathrm{For} \mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, K_{\mathrm{sp}}\right.$ $\left.=1.6 \times 10^{-19} .\right]$

Key Concepts

Electrochemical Cell

An electrochemical cell comprises two electrodes connected through an external circuit and a medium that facilitates ion flow. In such cells, redox reactions occur at the electrodes, and the overall cell potential is driven by the difference in the reduction potentials of the two half-reactions. The cell potential indicates the ability of the cell to do electrical work and depends on the nature of the electrode reactions and their non?standard conditions.

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

The standard hydrogen electrode is a benchmark electrode used in electrochemistry with an assigned potential of 0 volts. It involves the hydrogen redox couple under standard conditions (1 M H+ concentration and 1 atm H2 pressure), providing a common reference point to which other electrode potentials are compared and calculated.

Nernst Equation

The Nernst equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that links the electrode potential to the concentrations (or activities) of the chemical species involved in an electrochemical reaction. It allows predictions of how deviations from standard conditions (such as changes in ion concentration) affect the electrode and overall cell potentials, making it essential for understanding non-standard operating conditions in cells.

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

The solubility product constant is a specific equilibrium constant that applies to the dissolution of sparingly soluble compounds. It represents the product of the ions' molar concentrations at equilibrium, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient in the dissolution reaction. The Ksp value is crucial for determining the extent of ionization in a saturated solution and impacts the availability of ions for electrochemical reactions.

Saturated Solution Equilibrium

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of a solute has dissolved at a particular temperature, resulting in a dynamic equilibrium between the dissolved ions and the undissolved solid. This equilibrium state is governed by the solubility product, and it plays a significant role in electrochemical systems where the concentration of active ions directly influences the electrode potential and the reaction dynamics.

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