Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling...

Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point. Values in $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ are $-42,78,117,$ and 198 (a) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$ (b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$ $(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$ (d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point. Values in $^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ are $-42,78,117,$ and 198
(a) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$
(b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$
$(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$
(d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Labs

Want to see this concept in action?

NEW

Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.

View Labs

Key Concepts

Molecular Structure and Functional Groups

The molecular structure, including chain length and the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) groups, directly affects boiling points. Longer carbon chains and additional or stronger functional groups capable of hydrogen bonding enhance intermolecular attractions, thus leading to higher boiling points.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom like oxygen interacts with another electronegative atom. This interaction significantly increases boiling points due to the additional energy needed to break these strong intermolecular bonds.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the attractions that occur between molecules. In organic compounds, these include London dispersion forces, which are generally weak, and dipole–dipole interactions. In molecules containing OH groups, hydrogen bonding—a particularly strong form of dipole–dipole interaction—plays a major role in elevating boiling points.

Boiling Point

Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from the liquid phase to the gas phase. It is influenced by the amount of energy required to overcome intermolecular forces inherent in the substance, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

Transcript

Please give Ace some feedback