Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the...

Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the following equilibrium are believed to be elementary steps: $$ \mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{COCl}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}(g) $$ At $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactionsare $1.4 \times 10^{-28} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ and $9.3 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$, respectively. (a) What is the value for the equilibrium constant at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?$ (b) Are reactants or products more plentiful at equilibrium?

Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the following equilibrium are believed to be elementary steps:
$$
\mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{COCl}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}(g)
$$
At $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactionsare $1.4 \times 10^{-28} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ and $9.3 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{M}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$,
respectively. (a) What is the value for the equilibrium constant at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?$ (b) Are reactants or products more plentiful at equilibrium?

Key Concepts

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products over time. It is characterized not by the cessation of chemical change, but by a dynamic balance between the opposing forward and reverse processes.

Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant (K) is a dimensionless value that expresses the ratio of the concentration of products to reactants at equilibrium, each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. It provides a quantitative measure of the position of equilibrium, indicating whether the reaction favors products or reactants.

Elementary Reaction

An elementary reaction is a single-step process in which the reaction occurs exactly as represented by its stoichiometry. This implies that the molecularity of the reaction (the number of molecules colliding) directly corresponds to the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation, and the rate law can be written directly from these coefficients.

Reaction Kinetics

Reaction kinetics studies the rates at which chemical reactions proceed and the factors affecting these rates. In a system where both the forward and reverse reactions are elementary, the rate constants for each direction provide critical information for determining the equilibrium constant and understanding how rapidly the system approaches equilibrium.

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