Calculate the empirical or molecular formula mass and the...

Calculate the empirical or molecular formula mass and the molar mass of each of the following minerals: (a) limestone, $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ (b) halite, NaCl (c) beryl, Be_lz $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{Si}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{18}$ (d) malachite, $\mathrm{Cu}_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ (e) turquoise, CuAl_ $\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{4}(\mathrm{OH})_{8}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{4}$

Calculate the empirical or molecular formula mass and the molar mass of each of the following minerals:
(a) limestone, $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$
(b) halite, NaCl
(c) beryl, Be_lz $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{Si}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{18}$
(d) malachite, $\mathrm{Cu}_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$
(e) turquoise, CuAl_ $\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{4}(\mathrm{OH})_{8}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{4}$

Key Concepts

Molecular Formula

The molecular formula specifies the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule or formula unit of a compound. It is essential for understanding and calculating the mass contributions of different elements in the compound.

Empirical Formula

The empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound. Although it does not show the actual number of atoms, it provides the foundational ratio that can be scaled up to get the molecular formula when more detailed structural information is available.

Atomic Mass

Atomic mass is the mass of an individual atom of an element, typically measured in atomic mass units (amu). It is used as the building block in calculating the total mass of a compound by taking into account the contribution of each atom present.

Formula Mass

Formula mass is determined by summing the atomic masses of all atoms present in one formula unit of a compound. It corresponds to the mass (in amu) of the compound’s basic structural unit, whether represented by an empirical or molecular formula.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is numerically equivalent to the formula mass when atomic masses in amu are used; this equivalence facilitates converting microscopic measurements to macroscopic quantities for practical chemical calculations.

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