Calculate the free energy change for this reaction at 25^∘ C . Is the reaction spontaneous? (Ass

step 1 So the question here is we're trying to find out what the free energy is, which is delta G. And

Calculate the free energy change for this reaction at 25^∘ C...

Calculate the free energy change for this reaction at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . Is the reaction spontaneous? (Assume that all reactants and products are in their standard states.) $$\begin{array}{c}{2 \mathrm{Ca}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CaO}(s)} \\ {\Delta H_{\mathrm{ren}}^{\mathrm{o}}=-1269.8 \mathrm{kJ} ; \Delta S_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\mathrm{o}}=-364.6 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{K}}\end{array}$$

Calculate the free energy change for this reaction at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . Is the reaction spontaneous? (Assume that all reactants and products are in their standard states.)
$$\begin{array}{c}{2 \mathrm{Ca}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CaO}(s)} \\ {\Delta H_{\mathrm{ren}}^{\mathrm{o}}=-1269.8 \mathrm{kJ} ; \Delta S_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\mathrm{o}}=-364.6 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{K}}\end{array}$$

Key Concepts

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy (?G) is the thermodynamic potential that helps predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously; it is calculated using the formula ?G = ?H - T?S, where T is the absolute temperature. A negative value of ?G indicates that the process is spontaneous under constant temperature and pressure.

Enthalpy

Enthalpy (?H) represents the total heat content of a system at constant pressure. It reflects whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic. In thermodynamics, an exothermic reaction (negative ?H) releases heat, which can contribute to making the reaction spontaneous if other conditions such as entropy change are favorable.

Entropy

Entropy (?S) is a measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. The contribution of the entropy term, T?S, in the Gibbs free energy equation is critical because it accounts for the changes in disorder. A decrease in entropy (negative ?S) can oppose the spontaneity of a reaction, especially at higher temperatures.

Spontaneity

Spontaneity in a chemical reaction indicates whether the process can occur on its own without external intervention. It is determined by the sign of the Gibbs free energy change at a given temperature; if ?G is negative, that suggests the reaction is spontaneous, whereas a positive ?G indicates non-spontaneity under the specified conditions.

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