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Calculate the mole fractions of methanol, $\mathr…

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Problem 33 Hard Difficulty

Calculate the mole fraction of each solute and solvent:
(a) 0.710 kg of sodium carbonate (washing soda), $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},$ in 10.0 $\mathrm{kg}$ of water - a saturated solution at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(b) 125 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}$ in 275 $\mathrm{g}$ of water - a mixture used to make an instant ice pack
(c) 25 $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{Cl}_{2}$ in 125 $\mathrm{g}$ of dichloromethane, $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}$
(d) 0.372 g of tetrahydropyridine, $\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{N},$ in 125 $\mathrm{g}$ of chloroform, $\mathrm{CHCl}_{3}$

Answer

a. 0.012 , 0.988
b. 0.093 , 0.907
c. 0.192 , 0.808
d. 0.0028 , 0.9972

Maegan G.

March 8, 2022

What is the molality of nitric acid (HNO3) in a concentrated solution that is 68.0% by mass

Top Chemistry 102 Educators

Allea C.

University of Maryland - University College

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Video Transcript

to calculate the mole fraction of the salyut and the solvent in each of these solutions. We first must calculate the moles of solute and solvent that are present. We can do this by converting their masses into moles using their molar masses for part A We have .710 kg of sodium carbonate. We can convert the kg sodium carbonate into g sodium carbonate by multiplying by 1000. Then we will convert the grams sodium carbonate into molds sodium carbonate by dividing by the molar mass of sodium carbonate, 106.0 And we get 6.698 moles sodium carbonate. Now we need to take the mass of the water, the solvent 10 kg and convert it into Mel's. We can convert the kg into g by multiplying by 1000. We can then convert the grams into moles by divided by the molar mass of water and we get 555 2 moles of water. Now to solve for the more fraction mole fraction of sodium carbonate will be the moles of sodium carbonate divided by the total moles which will be the some of the moles sodium carbonate and water. And we get a mole fraction of .012 mole fraction, water will be the moles of water divided by the total moles, And we get .988 as the mole fraction for part B. We have 100 and 25 g of ammonium nitrate will convert the grams of ammonium nitrate into moles ammonium nitrate by divided by the molar mass of ammonium nitrate. And we get 1.562. Next we'll take the mass of the solvent in this case water, 275g and converted into moles of water by dividing by the molar mass of water, and we'll get 15.27 moles of water. To solve for the mole fraction of ammonium nitrate will take the moles ammonium nitrate divided by the total moles, the moles of ammonia nitrate plus those of water. And we get .093. The mole fraction water will be the moles of water divided by the total moles, And we get .97 for part C. We have 25 g chlorine, which will convert to molds chlorine by divided by the molar mass chlorine And we get .353 moles chlorine. Next we'll convert the moles of the solvent in this case di chloral methane, 2100 and 25 g into molds. Die chloral methane by dividing by the molar mass, die chloral methane and we'll get 1.472 moles. Die chloral methane. To solve for Mole fraction. Again, it's the moles divided by the total moles, moles, chlorine divided by the total moles gives us a mole fraction of .193. The mole fraction. Die chloral methane will be the moles, die chloral methane divided by the total moles And we get .87 as the Mole fraction. For the last one we have 372 g. Tetra hydro period. I mean we'll divide by the molar mass of tetra hydro period in to get moles Tetra hydro paradigm Which will be 44, 7 times 10 to the -3. Well then take 125g of chloroform, divide that by the molar mass of chloroform in order to get the molds of chloroform And we get 1.47 moles chloroform to find the mole fraction of etcetera, die chlor Oh, I'm sorry. Tetra hydro paradyne will take the moles. Tetra hydro period in 4.47 times 10, the negative three divided by the total moles, which will be the sum of these two values. And we get a mole fraction of zero 43 and then to determine the mole fraction that is chloroform will take the molds chloroform divided by the total moles, And we get a mole fraction 9957.

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