Chemistry of Copper Production "Native," or elemental,...

Chemistry of Copper Production "Native," or elemental, copper can be found in nature, but most copper is mined as oxide or sulfide minerals. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS $_{2}$ ) is one copper mineral that can be converted to elemental copper in a series of chemical steps. Reacting chalcopyrite with oxygen at high temperature produces a mixture of copper sulfide and iron oxide. The iron oxide is separated from CuS by reaction with sand. CuS is converted to $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S},$ and the $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}$ is then burned in air to produce $\mathrm{Cu}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ :(1) $2 \operatorname{CuFeS}_{2}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow$ $2 \mathrm{CuS}(s)+2 \mathrm{FeO}(s)+2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)$ (2) $\mathrm{FeO}(s)+\mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{FeSiO}_{3}(s)$ (3) $2 \mathrm{CuS}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}(s)+\frac{1}{8} \mathrm{S}_{8}(s)$ (4) $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)$ An average copper penny minted in the 1960 s has a mass of about $3.0 \mathrm{g}$ a. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies? b. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies if reaction 1 above had a percent yield of $85 \%$ and reactions $2,3,$ and 4 had percent yields of essentially $100 \%$ c. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies if each reaction involving copper proceeded with an $85 \%$ yield?

Chemistry of Copper Production "Native," or elemental, copper can be found in nature, but most copper is mined as oxide or sulfide minerals. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS $_{2}$ ) is one copper mineral that can be converted to elemental copper in a series of chemical steps. Reacting chalcopyrite with oxygen at high temperature produces a mixture of copper sulfide and iron oxide. The iron oxide is separated from CuS by reaction with sand. CuS is converted to $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S},$ and the $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}$ is then burned in air to produce $\mathrm{Cu}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ :(1) $2 \operatorname{CuFeS}_{2}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow$
$2 \mathrm{CuS}(s)+2 \mathrm{FeO}(s)+2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)$
(2) $\mathrm{FeO}(s)+\mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{FeSiO}_{3}(s)$
(3) $2 \mathrm{CuS}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}(s)+\frac{1}{8} \mathrm{S}_{8}(s)$
(4) $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{S}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)$
An average copper penny minted in the 1960 s has a mass of about $3.0 \mathrm{g}$
a. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies?
b. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies if reaction 1 above had
a percent yield of $85 \%$ and reactions $2,3,$ and 4 had percent yields of essentially $100 \%$
c. How much chalcopyrite had to be mined to produce one dollar's worth of pennies if each reaction involving copper proceeded with an $85 \%$ yield?

Key Concepts

Chemical Process Scale-Up

Chemical process scale-up involves applying laboratory-scale reaction data to industrial production, including conversion rates and yields, to estimate the raw materials needed for a given end-product output, such as a specific monetary value of copper pennies.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves using balanced chemical equations to determine the proportions in which reactants combine and products form. It is crucial here for calculating how much of the initial mineral is required to produce a given mass of copper, and for tracking the conversion through several reaction steps.

Percent Yield

Percent yield is the ratio of the actual amount of product obtained to the theoretical amount calculated from stoichiometry, expressed as a percentage. This concept is key when adjusting calculations for less than perfect reaction efficiency, especially in sequential processes.

Sequential Reactions

Sequential reactions refer to a series of chemical transformations where the product of one reaction is used as the reactant in the next. In processes like copper production, understanding the cumulative impact of each step’s yield is important in determining the overall efficiency.

Mass-to-Mole Conversions

Mass-to-mole conversions are used to relate the mass of a substance to the number of moles by using its molar mass. This concept is essential for converting measured masses of minerals and metals into quantities that can be applied to stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.

Transcript

00:01 Now we do a problem 123.

00:02 123.

00:04 So you write a question.

00:05 You get jacobriot, react with oxygen, produce copper sulfide, onto oxide, and sulfur dioxide.

00:15 And now we ignore iron oxide and sulfur dioxide.

00:20 We just focus on couple sulfide.

00:23 And you see two more of couple, copyright, produce two more couple sulfide.

00:29 And then you, two more, couple sulfide the same amount that will produce copper one oxide, a couple one sulfide.

00:38 And couple one sulfide get the same amount to produce couple.

00:41 So how many more copper does just how many more? just copyright you get the same amount of check copper produced, right? i say again.

00:53 So based on just copyright, you can see, you get this, you can relate to the copyright to couple see you're gonna this to jacobri right produce i just focus on couple sofite and couple so far produce couple down couple one oxide and couple one outside and couple of ones i produce couple right have two more here two more here and two and now you know one penny equal let's see how many they say they say on every couple penny minded in the 1960 has a mass of about 3 .0 ram and one dollar you know right one dollar of penny we have 100 penny right so you have to calculate the penny in one dollar and the penny one dollar the money in one dollar and you found from from the mass of penny in one dollar you found the more of your money in one dollar you found the more of your money in one dollar i talk to marshall.

02:09 I let me do so you can imagine.

02:12 Okay.

02:14 So, a, we have.

02:26 One dollar three, one hundred penny, right? we should use it fit...

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