Classify each of the following reactions as an addition,...

Classify each of the following reactions as an addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement: (a) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{KOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{KBr}$ (b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}+\mathrm{HBr}$ (c) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Classify each of the following reactions as an addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement:
(a) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}+\mathrm{KOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{KBr}$
(b) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}+\mathrm{HBr}$
(c) $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$

Key Concepts

Substitution Reaction

A substitution reaction is a process in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms. Typically found in organic chemistry, these reactions often involve the exchange of a leaving group with a nucleophile in mechanisms such as SN1 or SN2. This reaction type alters the molecular framework by replacing one part with another without changing the overall carbon skeleton.

Elimination Reaction

An elimination reaction occurs when elements of a molecule are removed, typically resulting in the formation of a double bond or a ring. In organic reactions, this usually involves the loss of a small molecule such as hydrogen halide (HX) and leads to unsaturation in the product. This reaction type contrasts with addition reactions, as it produces a molecule with fewer atoms than the original reactants.

Addition Reaction

An addition reaction involves the combination of two or more molecules to form a larger molecule or compound. This reaction type is common with unsaturated compounds such as alkenes or alkynes where the double or triple bonds break to allow the simultaneous addition of atoms or groups. The outcome is a single product with increased saturation relative to the reactants.

Rearrangement Reaction

A rearrangement reaction features a structural reorganization within a molecule, where the atoms or groups shift from one position to another. This type of reaction does not involve an overall addition or elimination of atoms but rather a reordering, often forming more stable intermediates or products. These reactions are important in mechanisms where the connectivity of atoms is altered without changing the molecular formula.

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