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Hello everyone.
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Today we're doing chapter 18, problem 14, and this film asks us to classify each of these substituents as electron donating or electron withdrawing.
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So to identify an electron donate electron donating electron withdrawing group on aromatic rings, we need to look at the identity of the atom that's directly bonded to the benzene ring.
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So here we have oxygen, iodine, carbon.
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So it doesn't actually matter what else is bound to it.
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What's most important is the atom that's directly bonded to the carbon atom of your benzene ring.
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So in the first example, we have an oxygen atom.
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So we know auction is more electron negative than carbon.
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So there's going to be some sort of electron density being pulled away from the benzene towards oxygen.
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But more importantly, is that we know that oxygen can form resonance structures such that it places a negative charge onto the benzene ring.
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So yes, inductively it withdraws electron density out of the benzene ring, but through resonance, it actually donates electron density into the ring and places a full negative charge on your benzene ring.
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So therefore, we know that the resonance effect of this auction atom outweighs the inductive effect of oxygen...
