Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is incorrect? a....

Name: Problem 22, Chapter 19: Human Biology
Uploaded: 2020-05-26T20:06:14-08:00
Duration: 8 min 41 s
Channel: Breanna Kloczkowski
Description: Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is incorrect? a. Genetic mutations cause cancer. b. Genetic mutations can be caused by environmental influences, such as radiation, organic chemicals, and viruses. c. An active immune system, diet, and exercise can help prevent cancer. d. Heredity cannot be a cause of cancer.

Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is incorrect? a. Genetic mutations cause cancer. b. Genetic mutations can be caused by environmental influences, such as radiation, organic chemicals, and viruses. c. An active immune system, diet, and exercise can help prevent cancer. d. Heredity cannot be a cause of cancer.

Concerning the causes of cancer, which one is incorrect?
a. Genetic mutations cause cancer.
b. Genetic mutations can be caused by environmental influences, such as radiation, organic chemicals, and viruses.
c. An active immune system, diet, and exercise can help prevent cancer.
d. Heredity cannot be a cause of cancer.

Key Concepts

Genetic Mutations

Genetic mutations are changes in a cell's DNA that disrupt normal functions and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer. These mutations can be either inherited or acquired over a lifetime, playing a central role in cancer development.

Environmental Influences

Environmental factors such as radiation, chemicals, and viruses can induce genetic mutations that significantly increase the risk of cancer. These external influences damage DNA and alter cellular processes, contributing to the initiation and progression of cancer.

Cancer Prevention

Lifestyle factors, including maintaining an active immune system, adopting a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise, can help reduce the risk of developing cancer. These practices support overall cellular health and can mitigate the impact of both genetic and environmental risk factors.

Hereditary Factors

Hereditary factors refer to the genetic predisposition to cancer that can be passed down from one generation to another. Inherited mutations in certain genes can increase an individual's risk of developing cancer, contradicting the view that heredity cannot cause cancer.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so this question is just asking us about the causes of cancer.

00:06 So the first answer choice, which is a, is referring to genetic mutations.

00:18 So as far as genetic mutations go, we know that there are two types of genetic mutations.

00:29 The first one is that proto -oncogenes can become oncogenes.

00:38 And we know that proto -oncogenes are responsible for promoting the cell cycle and decreasing apoptosis.

01:00 And so when they are mutated, it is called a gain -of -function mutation.

01:06 And so in proto -onchicines, a gain of function mutation can result in the overproduction of cyclin, which means that cyclin is going to be readily available all the time.

01:40 And then, basically, when these proto -onco -greens become mutated, it can result in receptor proteins that are really easy to activate and can be simulated by growth factor produced by the receiving cell.

02:06 So essentially it is just going to result in unrestrained cell cycle and lack of apoptosis.

02:22 And so you can see how that would be basically good for cancer formation because you aren't restraining the cell cycle.

02:34 All and then you have this lack of cell death.

02:37 And then we know that tumor suppressor genes can just become inactive.

02:49 Oh, i'm sorry.

02:52 And so if we think back, we know that these tumor suppressor genes basically do the opposite of what proto -onco genes do.

03:02 So they decrease or inhibit the cell cycle and increase apoptosis.

03:21 And these are called loss of function mutations because basically it means that their products don't inhibit the cell cycle anymore or promote apoptosis.

03:42 So this is similar to the last one or we're just going to see that unrestrained still cycle and not about that...

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