Consider the following energy diagram for the overall...

Consider the following energy diagram for the overall reaction: (CH$_3)_3$COH + HO $\rightarrow$ (CH$_3)_3$CI + H$_2$O. a. How many steps are in the reaction mechanism? b. Label the $E_a$ and $\Delta{H}^\circ$ for each step, and the $\Delta{H}^\circ _{overall}$ for the reaction. c. Draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram. d. Which step is rate-determining? Why?

Consider the following energy diagram for the overall reaction: (CH$_3)_3$COH + HO $\rightarrow$ (CH$_3)_3$CI + H$_2$O.
a. How many steps are in the reaction mechanism?
b. Label the $E_a$ and $\Delta{H}^\circ$ for each step, and the $\Delta{H}^\circ _{overall}$ for the reaction.
c. Draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram.
d. Which step is rate-determining? Why?

Transcript

00:01 Hello, today we're doing problems 46 of chapter 6.

00:04 And this problem, we are given this energy diagram, it's multi -step reaction, and we're given a few questions that we are asked to solve.

00:12 So in a, we are given or asked how many steps are in this reaction mechanism.

00:19 So there's a few ways to determine how many steps a multi -step reaction has from its reaction diagrams.

00:26 So step one, the easiest way is to identify how many transition states there are.

00:33 So remember, transition state is your local energy maxima.

00:37 So if you see here, we have a transition state one.

00:44 And then next local energy maximum, we have a transition state two.

00:49 And then the third transition state energy maximized this one, transition state three.

00:56 So the number of transition state equals a number of steps.

00:59 So this is three -step reaction.

01:01 But we can confirm this by doing another method, which is by identifying your reactants and your product of each reaction.

01:12 So we're going from a reactant through a transition state to a product.

01:15 Now, in the second reaction, the product of the first actually acts as the reactant for the second.

01:22 And we go through this big activation energy barrier to the product number two.

01:27 And then the product number two is actually going to be the reactants for reaction three going through this transition state to product three so this is a three reaction mechanism label e .7a delta h for each step and the overall delta j delta h for the reaction so overall delta h is from the reactant number one so we can say it's right here to the product of number three being right here so this is the delta h overall for the reaction.

02:03 But now we can determine the delta h for each step.

02:05 So the reactant products seems that delta h equals zero.

02:10 Doesn't seem like the reactant products have any energy difference.

02:14 However, now for the second step, the products is here, and we're going down to the reactant, which is down here.

02:24 So this is our delta h for step two, and this is a negative value, sorry, a positive value.

02:30 Because our product is higher energy than our starting material.

02:36 So it's a positive value.

02:38 And from number three, we see the products down here, reactants up here.

02:43 So number three, reactants up here, products down there.

02:50 So the delta h here is negative for reaction three, and the overall is also going to be negative.

02:58 Activation energy, remember, so that's from your reactants to your transition states.

03:02 So the activation energy of number one is from your reactant to transition state here.

03:09 E, sub a.

03:13 The activation energy for number two is from your reactant to transition state for reaction two.

03:21 So this is e sub a.

03:24 And then for three, it's from the reactant of number three to the transition state.

03:31 So it's going to be this one here.

03:35 And then what else does it ask for us? so we've identified the e sub a, the delta.

03:40 And the overall of the h now draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram.

03:52 So drawing structure of each step, we see that in transition state one, we are breaking our h bond and we're actually forming a new oh bond here...

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