Question

Describe how trisodium phosphate softens water.

   Describe how trisodium phosphate softens water.

Chemistry for Changing Times

Chemistry for Changing Times

John W. Hill; Terry… 14th Edition

Chapter 21, Problem 17

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Solved by Expert Lottie Adams

10/18/2021

Step 1

This is achieved through the following chemical reaction: \[Na3PO4 + H2O \rightarrow NaHPO4 + NaOH\] In this reaction, trisodium phosphate reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (NaHPO4). Show more…

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Describe how trisodium phosphate softens water.

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Key Concepts

Water Hardness

Water hardness refers to the concentration of divalent metal ions, primarily calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), in water. These ions can cause scaling in pipes and reduce the effectiveness of soaps and detergents. Understanding water hardness is essential for designing water treatment processes that aim to remove or neutralize these ions.

Chemical Precipitation

Chemical precipitation is a process in which dissolved ions react to form an insoluble solid that can be removed from the water. In water softening, reagents are added to the water to react with the hardness-causing ions, forming precipitates that settle out of solution. This reaction helps reduce the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, thereby softening the water.

Role of Phosphates in Water Softening

Phosphates, when introduced into water, can react with calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble or sparingly soluble phosphate compounds. This reaction effectively removes the ions responsible for water hardness. Compounds like trisodium phosphate release phosphate ions that participate in these precipitation reactions, thus chemically softening the water by reducing its mineral content.

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