Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each...

Key Concepts

Condensed Structure

A condensed structure is a way to write the molecular formula of an organic compound that shows the connectivity of atoms without drawing all individual bonds or atoms. It uses abbreviations for groups (like CH3, CH2, etc.) to represent the arrangement of atoms, making it a compact method to represent molecules, especially useful for identifying substitution patterns and branching within the molecule.

Skeletal Structure

A skeletal structure (or line-angle structure) represents a molecule by using lines to denote bonds between carbon atoms and implicit hydrogen atoms attached to them. In this representation, vertices and endpoints of lines indicate carbon atoms, and only heteroatoms and functional groups are usually labeled explicitly. This method simplifies the visualization of complex organic molecules and is frequently used in organic chemistry to emphasize the overall molecular framework.

Organic Nomenclature

Organic nomenclature involves the systematic naming of organic compounds based on standardized rules, such as those provided by IUPAC. Understanding nomenclature allows chemists to deduce the structure of a compound from its name by identifying the main chain, substituents, functional groups, and stereochemistry. This is essential in translating verbal chemical names into structural formulas, whether condensed or skeletal.

Functional Groups and Substituents

Functional groups and substituents are specific groups of atoms within molecules that confer distinct physical and chemical properties. Recognizing these groups—whether an ether, alcohol, amine, halide, or alkyl branch—is crucial in predicting the reactivity and behavior of the molecule. They also play a central role in determining the correct structure when drawing or interpreting condensed and skeletal formulas.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, this problem is asking us to draw the skeletal structure as well as the condensed structure for each of these 12 compounds.

00:05 Okay, so the first one i'm giving the compound name, sec beetle, terpbuttal, ether.

00:10 So immediately i noticed that this is not exactly a systematic name because we don't have any systematic names and in ether.

00:17 Okay, so i know that this is considered a common name, which isn't exactly relevant for this type of problem.

00:22 We just know that we're not going to go through the same exact systematic conventions if we were given a systematic name.

00:27 Okay, so ether, that's going to be considered a, basically a parent chain or parent compound, and then whatever i have as substituents, in this case my secbeutal, and my turp beetle, that's going to be coming off of my oxygen.

00:38 Okay, so ether is composed of an oxygen with groups coming off of it, carbon groups.

00:43 Okay, and then my first constituent is tertbutal, and that corresponds to four carbons total in a tertbutal fashion.

00:51 Okay, so here's one carbon, two carbon, three carbon, four carbons.

00:55 Okay, so that's that first substituent.

00:57 And then the second substitution is this secbutyl.

01:00 So secbuttal is also four carbons, except my oxygen is connected to the second carbon, so like this, in which my oxygen is connected to this second carbon.

01:12 Okay, so that's my sec beetle, turpbuttal ether in the skeletal structure.

01:17 Okay, as far as my condensed structure, it's going to look something like this.

01:20 I'll draw this part in green.

01:22 So i'll start with this side, and then i'll work my way that way.

01:25 Okay, so i'm going to start with my ch3, and then my ch2.

01:30 And then my ch.

01:32 So this ch that i just drew corresponds to that carbon.

01:35 And then i have the connection to that ch3 down the bottom.

01:39 That's connected to my oxygen.

01:41 And then the connection to the carbon.

01:43 So that carbon corresponds to that carbon.

01:45 And then this carbon corresponds to this ch3.

01:48 Okay.

01:48 And then we also have connected to this carbon, a ch3 and another ch3.

01:54 Okay.

01:55 So that is my condensed structure.

01:57 And then in red, that is my skeletal structure.

02:00 Okay.

02:00 Next up, this isohephto alcohol.

02:02 So same thing as before.

02:04 This isn't a systematic name, and i know that because i don't have any systematic names that end in alcohol like that.

02:09 So this is considered a common name in which my alcohol is going to have a substituent coming off of it.

02:15 And my substituent is isoheptil.

02:17 And we know that because it ends in yl.

02:20 Okay, so i drew up my alcohol, and then i'm going to draw my isoheptil.

02:23 So isohptil is composed of seven total carbons, but my iso group, so my branched positioning, is on my fifth carbon.

02:32 So let's go ahead and draw that out.

02:34 So one, two, three, four, five, and then six, seven.

02:40 Okay, so that's seven total carbons in which my branched part is on my fifth carbon.

02:46 Okay, so that is my isoheptil alcohol.

02:48 That's the skeletal structure.

02:50 And then as far as my condensed structure, i'll start with this side, and then i'm working my way that way.

02:56 Okay, so i have ch3 connected to a ch.

03:01 That ch, that fifth carbon, is connected to my own.

03:03 My other ch3 and then i have my ch2, ch2, ch2, ch2, and ch2.

03:12 Okay, so let's just double check.

03:14 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven carbons, perfect.

03:18 And then i have the connection to my alcohol.

03:22 Okay, so that is my condensed structure.

03:24 Okay, moving on to the next one, secbutal amine.

03:27 Okay, this one, we have my amine, and then we have the sec beetle coming off of it.

03:32 Okay, so i'm going to write out my nh2.

03:36 Because similar to before, this is a considered a common name in which we have my immune group and then my sec beetle coming off of it as a substituent.

03:45 So something like this.

03:49 Okay, so that would be my skeletal structure and then for my condensed structure it would look like this.

03:54 So i'll start with this way and then work my way that way.

03:58 So ch3, ch2, ch.

04:03 So that ch corresponds to that ch and then that's connected to my ch3 and my ch is connected to my and h2.

04:12 Okay, and next up on this column, we have my isopental bromide.

04:17 So same thing before.

04:18 This is a common name where i have my bromine and then my isopental substituentile.

04:25 Okay, so isopental is composed of five total carbons in which my branch position is on my third carbon.

04:31 So one, two, three, and then my branch on that third carbon.

04:36 So total carbons, one, two, three, perfect okay so let's go ahead and write the condensed structure because what i just drew right here that is the skeletal structure okay so in green i'll start this way and then work my way that way okay so i have ch3 ch3 and connected to that ch we have a ch3 and then also connected to that ch we have my ch2 my ch2 and my bromine okay so that is the condensed structure and now let's move back up to the top over on this side okay so i have five one methyl ethyl -ethyl non -ane.

05:13 Okay, so as far as naming this goes, we're going to have, this is actually a systematic name.

05:19 So, and i know that because i have my non -name.

05:21 If it ends in something like blankane, i know it's going to have the systematic conventions.

05:27 So whenever i have a systematic convention, i start from the back and then work my way that way.

05:32 Okay, so i basically work backwards, but to me it's forwards.

05:35 Okay, so non -ane that is composed of nine carbons.

05:38 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.

05:42 Let's double check.

05:42 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.

05:46 Perfect.

05:47 Okay.

05:47 And then we know it's all single bonds because of the aen.

05:51 Alcane is composed of only single bonds.

05:53 Non -ane is composed of nine single bonds.

05:57 Now we have this five, one methyl ethel.

06:00 And this is a little bit confusing, but parentheses are basically where we have a substituent on a substituent.

06:08 So i'm going to ignore this, parentheses for now.

06:10 And only focus on the 5.

06:12 So on the 5th carbon, so i'll write that out.

06:14 One, two, three, four, five.

06:18 On the 5th carbon, i have a ethel group.

06:21 So i'm going to go ahead and write that out.

06:23 So ethel group.

06:25 Okay, and i know that because i'm focusing on the 5 and then i pay attention to my next substituent.

06:32 So i don't, i don't care what's in front of my parentheses, or in the front side of my parentheses.

06:36 I only care about what's in the back because remember i'm working this way.

06:39 Okay, so on my, i have on the one position of the ethyl.

06:44 So remember, ethyl groups are composed of two carbons.

06:46 On the one position, i have my methyl group.

06:50 So basically an isopropyl coming off of that fifth carbon.

06:54 Okay, so that would be that structure.

06:56 And then let's just erase those numbers, so we have the clean version.

07:00 Okay, and then for my condensed structure, i'm gonna go ahead and write out my ch3.

07:06 So i'll start from this side and go that way.

07:09 Okay, i'll do this in green.

07:11 Okay, so i have ch3, ch2, ch2, okay, so this ch2 corresponds to this one.

07:20 And then next up we have my ch2 connected to my carbon hydrogen in which my isopropyl group is coming off.

07:29 So i have my c -h and then my c -h3 and then my c -h3.

07:37 Okay, next up is the connection to my ch2.

07:41 So that carbon hydrogen is connected to ch2, ch2, ch2, ch2, and finally my ch3.

07:49 Okay, so that's 5 -1 -ethyl ethanolane, and now i'm going to move on to triethlamine.

07:55 So triethlamine is going to look something like this.

07:59 I have the amine.

08:01 So i'm going to write out my nitrogen, and then the triethyl, that means that i have three ethel groups attached to my nitrogen.

08:08 Okay, so normally we would have something like amine in which we have nh2, but the fact that we have the tri, that means that we have three substituents on that nitrogen.

08:18 So that means that i can't have two hydrogens because i know that nitrogen can only accommodate three bonds total.

08:23 So i'm going to erase my nh2 and only have my nitrogen.

08:27 I'm going to put my ethel groups like that.

08:31 So that is triethylene.

08:32 Okay, so that's the skeletal structure.

08:34 As far as the condensed structure, i'll start with this side and then work my way that way.

08:39 Okay, so i have ch3, ch2, nitrogen, and then i'll work on that way first, and then my ch2, my ch3, and then connected to my nitrogen, i'll work this way.

08:54 So i have the connection to my ch2 and ch3.

08:59 So that is my condensed structure.

09:02 Okay, now moving on to 4 -1 -1 -dymethyl haptane...

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