Draw the d -orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral complex ions of each of the following.

Draw the d -orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral...

Key Concepts

Crystal Field Theory

This theory explains how the five d orbitals in a transition metal ion split into groups of different energies when influenced by the electric fields of surrounding ligands. In an octahedral complex, the d orbitals divide into a lower-energy set (t2g) and a higher-energy set (eg), which is fundamental to understanding the electronic and magnetic properties of these complexes.

d-Orbital Splitting Diagrams

These diagrams visually represent the energy separation between the t2g and eg orbitals in an octahedral field. They are essential for analyzing how electrons occupy these orbitals based on the crystal field splitting energy (?oct), providing insights into the complex’s spectral, magnetic, and chemical behavior.

High Spin vs Low Spin Configurations

The distribution of electrons in the split d orbitals depends on the magnitude of the crystal field splitting relative to the electron pairing energy. High spin configurations occur when the splitting energy is small, leading electrons to occupy higher-energy orbitals to minimize pairing, while low spin configurations occur when the splitting is large, favoring electron pairing in the lower-energy t2g orbitals.

Electronic Configurations of Transition Metal Ions

The number of d electrons in a transition metal ion, determined by its oxidation state, directly influences how these electrons are arranged in the split orbitals. Understanding these configurations is crucial for predicting the magnetic and optical properties of the coordination complex.

Transcript

00:01 In this question, the d -orbiter splitting diagram of octahedal i have to show about the, firstly, i want to know about the fe plus 2, and secondly we can talk about the fe plus 3, and thirdly we can talk about the n .i .2.

00:17 Okay, for fi plus 2, i want to know about the electronic configuration of higher and the lower spin.

00:26 So as you all know, so when we talk about the fe plus 2, f .e plus 2, okay, so fe plus 2, so when we talk about the fe, iron atomic number is 26 and the electronic conditions like 1s2, 2 s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2 3d 6.

01:02 But here, the charge is plus two.

01:07 So i have to remove the two electrons from the automot shell.

01:10 So the outer motion is 1 s2.

01:12 We can write here 2 s2, 2p6, 3 s2, 3p6, 4 s2 3d4.

01:24 So for the higher spin of fe plus 2, so we can write like that.

01:31 Here is a, i have to write for a d orbital only.

01:35 Splitting of d orbital only so splitting of three orbital is like that for the highest spin we can say here for example for splitting of the orbital so in a d orbital there are four electrons are there so we can in a d orbital we can write this and in an s orbital there's a two electrons so it's for higher splitting it's for higher spin high spin when we talk about the four s four f .e plus 2, lower spin, then the two electrons of 4 as 2 orbitals like this, we can talk.

02:23 It's in a blank and the two electrons move from here to here.

02:29 So in the d orbital for lower we can write it like this.

02:38 Okay, it's for low spin.

02:45 Secondly, we can talk about epi plus 3.

02:50 So here i have to remove the three electrons in this...

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