Draw the products of each reaction by following the curved...

Key Concepts

Curved Arrow Notation

This is a symbolic method used in organic chemistry to illustrate the movement of electrons during a reaction. Curved arrows indicate the direction of electron flow, typically pointing from the source (such as a lone pair or a bond) to the site where new bonds are being formed, thus helping to visualize the mechanism.

Electron Flow

Understanding electron flow is essential for predicting how a reaction progresses. It involves following the shift of electron pairs throughout the reaction steps to determine which bonds break and which bonds form, permitting accurate prediction of intermediate species and final products.

Reaction Mechanisms

This concept refers to the detailed step-by-step process by which reactants are transformed into products in a chemical reaction. It involves the sequential breaking and forming of bonds, and the formation of intermediates, which collectively reveal how the overall transformation occurs.

Product Determination

This key concept involves deducing the final chemical products based on the reaction mechanism and electron movement. By following the curved arrows and understanding the sequence of electron shifts, one can predict the structure of the resulting compounds after the reaction has completed.

Transcript

00:01 Hello everyone, today we're doing problem 6 .28, and this problem asks us to draw the products of each of the following reactions following the curved arrow.

00:08 So remember, curved arrow is the flow of electrons.

00:11 So the base of your arrow, so the base of your arrow is the origin of two electrons, and the head of the arrow is the flow where those two electrons are going to.

00:21 Remember, the double -headed arrow represents two electrons, one on each head.

00:25 So in a, we see that the base of the arrow is these two electrons, this lone pair electron on this alcohol ion, and we are attacking this carbon nucleus with two of those arrows.

00:41 And now when we make a bond, we need to break a bond.

00:43 So remember that's a very important rule that we've gone over.

00:46 When you make a bond, you need to break a bond.

00:48 So what bond breaks? the bond that's bounded to you the best leading group.

00:51 And here the best leading group is any halide, iodine being included in one of them.

00:57 Now we need a bond, now we need a break a bond.

00:58 So this is a concerted one -step reaction.

01:01 This is what we call an s &2 reaction.

01:04 Two arrows happening all in one step.

01:08 Your nucleophile attacks while your electrophile kicks off its leaving group.

01:17 Remember those two electrons in the sigma bond now goes to iodine atom.

01:22 In b, we see that these two electrons in this negatively charged oxygen comes down to form a new double bond so that being your pie bond, making a new bond.

01:32 When you make a bond, you break a bond.

01:34 So the only three options is this methyl, this propol, or this meth -meth -oxide group.

01:40 Sorry, the eth -oxide group.

01:42 But obviously, oxygen being electro -negative, it's able to hold on to these two sigma -bond electrons more so than these carbon atoms.

01:52 Why? because oxygen is electron -negative...

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