Question

During a relative refractory period (a) IPSPs are generated (b) opioid neurotransmitters are released (c) voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated (d) an axon can transmit impulses but the threshold is higher (more negative) (e) an axon cannot transmit an action potential

Name: Problem 15, Chapter 39: Biology
Uploaded: 2021-12-11T20:40:01-08:00
Duration: 55 s
Channel: Hunza Gilgit
Description: During a relative refractory period (a) IPSPs are generated (b) opioid neurotransmitters are released (c) voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated (d) an axon can transmit impulses but the threshold is higher (more negative) (e) an axon cannot transmit an action potential

   During a relative refractory period (a) IPSPs are generated
(b) opioid neurotransmitters are released (c) voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated (d) an axon can transmit impulses but the threshold is higher (more negative) (e) an axon cannot transmit an action potential

Biology

Eldra Solomon, Linda… 7th Edition

Chapter 39, Problem 15

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Solved by Expert Hunza Gilgit

12/11/2021

Step 1

It is a period following an action potential during which an increased stimulus is required to generate another action potential. This is because some of the sodium channels, which are necessary for action potential generation, are still inactivated from the Show more…

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During a relative refractory period (a) IPSPs are generated (b) opioid neurotransmitters are released (c) voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated (d) an axon can transmit impulses but the threshold is higher (more negative) (e) an axon cannot transmit an action potential

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Key Concepts

Relative Refractory Period

This is the phase following the absolute refractory period during which a cell can generate another action potential, but only if a stronger than normal stimulus is received. It is marked by an increased difficulty in reaching threshold due to lingering effects from the previous action potential.

Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Inactivation

During the action potential, these channels open to initiate the spike and then become inactivated. In the relative refractory period, not all sodium channels have returned to their resting state, which contributes to the heightened threshold for generating another action potential.

Action Potential Threshold Elevation

The relative refractory period is characterized by an increased threshold for triggering an action potential. This occurs because of residual inactivation of sodium channels and hyperpolarization, meaning a stronger stimulus is needed to depolarize the membrane to the threshold potential.

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