Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What...

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound? a. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}$, iron chloride b. $\mathrm{NO}_{2}$, nitrogen(IV) oxide c. $\mathrm{CaO}$, calcium(II) monoxide d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}$, dialuminum trisulfide e. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}$, manganese diacetate f. $\mathrm{FePO}_{4}$, iron(II) phosphide g. $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{5}$, phosphorus sulfide h. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, sodium oxide i. $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$, nitrate acid j. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}$, sulfuric acid

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound?
a. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}$, iron chloride
b. $\mathrm{NO}_{2}$, nitrogen(IV) oxide
c. $\mathrm{CaO}$, calcium(II) monoxide
d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}$, dialuminum trisulfide
e. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}$, manganese diacetate
f. $\mathrm{FePO}_{4}$, iron(II) phosphide
g. $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{5}$, phosphorus sulfide
h. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, sodium oxide
i. $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$, nitrate acid
j. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}$, sulfuric acid

Key Concepts

Consistency in Elemental Identity

Ensuring that the element mentioned in the name corresponds exactly to the element in the chemical formula is fundamental. Confusing similar-sounding element names (like magnesium and manganese) can lead to significant errors in chemical communication, which highlights the importance of precision in writing chemical names.

Polyatomic Ion Nomenclature

Many compounds contain polyatomic ions, and it is essential to use their systematic names correctly. This includes recognizing when a compound is an acid (e.g., nitric acid) versus when it is a salt containing a polyatomic ion (e.g., nitrate). Proper identification and naming ensure clear communication regarding the chemical nature of the compound.

Covalent Compound Naming and Use of Prefixes

For compounds formed between nonmetals (or where covalent bonding prevails), prefixes such as mono-, di-, and tri- are used to indicate the number of atoms present. However, these prefixes are generally not appropriate in naming ionic compounds, where stoichiometry is inferred from the formula and the focus is on the overall charge balance.

Oxidation State Notation

The use of oxidation state notation, particularly in transition metal compounds, is critical to indicate the specific charge the metal carries. Correctly identifying and denoting the oxidation state in compound names (using the Stock system) guarantees accurate and unambiguous representation of the compound's chemical properties and composition.

Ionic Compound Nomenclature

In naming ionic compounds, the name is constructed by naming the metal cation first and the nonmetal or polyatomic anion second. For metals that can have more than one oxidation state, the oxidation state is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately after the metal’s name. This system avoids ambiguity and ensures that the formula can be correctly interpreted in terms of charge balance.

Transcript

00:01 All right guys, so now we're taking this from a different angle altogether.

00:04 We're going to look at some name conventions and see why they're wrong.

00:08 The first one is iron chloride.

00:13 Well, this is wrong because iron is going to have a plus 2 or plus 3 charge, meaning we have to have the arumina.

00:18 So instead, we have to call this iron three chloride.

00:32 Next, we have nitrogen and 4 oxide.

00:37 You don't need the 4.

00:40 That's not in the, because this is a covalent.

00:42 Compound and that doesn't have a convention so nitrogen dioxide is all you need then you have calcium two monoxide calcium only makes plus two ions with ionic compounds so you only need to call this calcium di -alumulamylide it's ionic compound so that convention is for covalin we just need to call this aluminum sulfide magnesium magnesium magnesium magnesium magnesiumase diacetic e is i ionic.

01:42 So we used ionic groups.

01:45 So this would be magnesium, i mean magnesium acet.

02:07 Iron two phosphate.

02:11 Well, since we know that phosphate has a three -wines charge, you know the charge on iron, the balance of now has to be plus three.

02:23 So far.

02:23 So it can be iron two, has to be iron three.

02:39 G.

02:41 Phosphide, well, this is covalent...