Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is...

Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. When Tito was young, his parents decided to give him a quarter every day he made his bed. Tito started to make his siblings' beds also and help with other chores. Behaviorists would say that Tito was experiencing (A) internal motivation. (B) spontaneous recovery. (C) acquisition. (D) generalization. (E) discrimination.

Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case.
When Tito was young, his parents decided to give him a quarter every day he made his bed. Tito started to make his siblings' beds also and help with other chores. Behaviorists would say that Tito was experiencing
(A) internal motivation.
(B) spontaneous recovery.
(C) acquisition.
(D) generalization.
(E) discrimination.

Key Concepts

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is a core concept in behavior modification that involves the delivery of a desirable stimulus to increase the probability that a particular behavior will be repeated. Positive reinforcement, in particular, involves adding a rewarding consequence following a behavior to encourage its recurrence.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a learning theory in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. This process involves reinforcing desired behaviors through rewards or diminishing undesired behaviors through punishments, thereby shaping how individuals act under various circumstances.

Generalization

Generalization refers to the tendency for a learned behavior to occur in response to stimuli that are similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus. It reflects how organisms extend their learned responses to new, yet related, situations beyond the specific conditions in which the behavior was initially acquired.

Transcript

00:01 Hi guys, today we're looking at the question, which approach towards personality is the least deterministic.

00:06 Okay, so least deterministic.

00:11 And i think it's going to help to answer this question to know a little bit about determinism before going into the answers.

00:18 So when we refer to determinism, basically what we mean is that looking at humans, human behavior, human thought, human emotion, as all of those are a result of something.

00:30 That almost all of those are like all those are followed by a cause either it's a biological so every i'm going to call it behavior thought sorry about that thought action are preceded by a cause something that led to this are a result or are a product really is a good way of putting that so it says that everything we do think, feel, our result of biology, of our environment, really just of anything that could have preceded it.

01:26 So now that we know that, i'm going to erase this, just a heads up.

01:32 And then we're going to go into our answers with the knowledge we have now.

01:46 God, it takes so long to erase.

01:49 Okay, cool.

01:51 So we look at question a.

01:56 Psychoanalytic.

01:57 I'm going to write that as just pa for the sake of time.

02:01 Psychoanalytic is going to be, sorry about that, is going to basically, it's the freudian school of psychology where it's going to look at our conscious and unconscious processes are the cause of our thoughts, behaviors, and actions.

02:19 So this, if we remember what determinism mean, doesn't really, in fact, it goes directly against psychoanalytics.

02:27 So, psychoanalyst are coming with the idea of that there's a cause that it's an unconscious of conscious processes so it's not going to be it's going to be deterministic so it's not going to be the answer so it's not a then let's look at b sorry if that looks goofy humanistic i'm just going to write this as humanistic is the approach of psychology where we look at the human as the whole where we don't just consider their environment and the effects of it we look at rather we say environment could have an effect, but we believe that humans could potentially rise above their environment.

03:07 It really looks at the human as the advance, as the idea of like how do you advance, how do you learn, and how do you grow? that's a big part of it.

03:18 And this really doesn't, it goes against determinism a lot because it says it denies the past processes and it denies that we and the things we do are a product.

03:28 So it could be b, but let's look at c, d, and e to be careful.

03:33 C is a trait.

03:35 This one is going to be the approach that basically says, what kind of role are the traits you have? what kind of role are they playing on your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors? this, once again, it's pretty deterministic.

03:51 It's coming in with the idea that your traits are going to be the cause...

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