Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that...

Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that are present in trace amounts. The following quantities of these trace gases were found in a $1.0 \mathrm{mL}$ sample of air. Calculate the number of moles of each gas in the sample. a. $4.4 \times 10^{14}$ atoms of $\mathrm{Ne}(g)$ b. $4.2 \times 10^{13}$ molecules of $\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)$ c. $2.5 \times 10^{12}$ molecules of $\mathrm{O}_{3}(g)$ d. $4.9 \times 10^{9}$ molecules of $\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)$

Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that are present in trace amounts. The following quantities of these trace gases were found in a $1.0 \mathrm{mL}$ sample of air. Calculate the number of moles of each gas in the sample.
a. $4.4 \times 10^{14}$ atoms of $\mathrm{Ne}(g)$
b. $4.2 \times 10^{13}$ molecules of $\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)$
c. $2.5 \times 10^{12}$ molecules of $\mathrm{O}_{3}(g)$
d. $4.9 \times 10^{9}$ molecules of $\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)$

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Key Concepts

Avogadro's Number

Avogadro's number, 6.022×10^23, represents the number of constituent particles, such as atoms or molecules, in one mole of any substance. It is a critical scaling factor that relates the microscopic scale of individual particles to the macroscopic quantities measured in the lab. This constant becomes essential when converting from a count of particles to moles.

Particle-to-Mole Conversion

This concept involves converting a given number of particles (atoms or molecules) into moles by dividing by Avogadro's number. This conversion is integral in stoichiometry and quantitative chemistry, as it allows scientists to relate microscopic particle counts to the amounts used in chemical reactions and analyses.

Mole Concept

The mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that provides a bridge between the atomic and macroscopic worlds. It defines the quantity of a substance such that one mole contains exactly 6.022×10^23 elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). This concept allows chemists to count the number of particles by weighing amounts of substances and to interconvert between mass and the number of particles.

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