Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that...

Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that are present in trace amounts. The following quantities of trace gases were found in a 1.0 mL sample of air. Calculate the number of moles of each gas in the sample. a. $4.4 \times 10^{14}$ atoms of $\mathrm{Ne}$ b. $4.2 \times 10^{13}$ molecules of $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$ c. $2.5 \times 10^{12}$ molecules of $\mathrm{O}_{3}$ d. $4.9 \times 10^{9}$ molecules of $\mathrm{NO}_{2}$

Earth's atmosphere contains many volatile substances that are present in trace amounts. The following quantities of trace gases were found in a 1.0 mL sample of air. Calculate the number of moles of each gas in the sample.
a. $4.4 \times 10^{14}$ atoms of $\mathrm{Ne}$
b. $4.2 \times 10^{13}$ molecules of $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$
c. $2.5 \times 10^{12}$ molecules of $\mathrm{O}_{3}$
d. $4.9 \times 10^{9}$ molecules of $\mathrm{NO}_{2}$

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Key Concepts

Avogadro's Number

Avogadro's number (approximately 6.022×10^23) is a fundamental constant that defines the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of any substance. It serves as the bridge between the microscopic world of atoms and molecules and the macroscopic quantities used in laboratory measurements.

Mole Concept

The mole is a core unit in chemistry that quantifies the amount of a substance. It allows chemists to count atoms, molecules, or ions by relating them to a specific, fixed number given by Avogadro's number, thereby translating between particle count and measurable mass.

Particle-to-Mole Conversion

Converting a given number of particles (such as atoms or molecules) to moles is achieved by dividing the total number of particles by Avogadro's number. This conversion is essential in quantitative chemical calculations, enabling the determination of substance amounts in reactions and mixtures.

Trace Gas Analysis

Analyzing trace gases involves identifying and quantifying very small amounts of gaseous substances present in a mixture. Expressing these quantities in moles, even when present in minute sample volumes, facilitates the understanding of atmospheric composition and the evaluation of chemical compounds in environmental studies.

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