Escriba la ecuación química y la expresión de la Kb de la...

Escriba la ecuación química y la expresión de la $K_b$ de la hidrólisis de las siguientes bases en disolución acuosa: (a) dimetilamina, $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}$; (b) ion carbonato, $\mathrm{CO}_3{ }^{2-}$; (c) ion formiato, $\mathrm{CHO}_2^{-}$.

Key Concepts

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that transform into each other through the gain or loss of a proton. When a base reacts with water, it forms its conjugate acid by accepting a proton. Understanding the relationship between conjugate pairs is fundamental in analyzing acid-base equilibria, as it dictates the direction and extent of the hydrolysis reaction.

Equilibrium Constant Expression

An equilibrium constant expression quantitatively describes the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium, each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. In the case of base hydrolysis, the Kb expression is derived from the balanced chemical equation of the hydrolysis reaction, linking the concentration of the conjugate acid and hydroxide ion to that of the original base.

Base Ionization Constant (Kb)

The base ionization constant, Kb, is a measure of the strength of a base in water. It quantifies the extent to which a base accepts a proton from water, thereby forming its conjugate acid and releasing hydroxide ions. The value of Kb is used to compare the basicity of different compounds and to predict the behavior of bases under various conditions.

Hydrolysis Reaction

Hydrolysis is the process in which a compound reacts with water, leading to the formation of new chemical species. In the context of bases in aqueous solution, this reaction involves the base reacting with water to produce its conjugate acid and hydroxide ions. The hydrolysis reaction is critical for understanding how the basic properties are manifested in solution.

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