Every other year, the magazine Hydrocarbon Processing...

Every other year, the magazine Hydrocarbon Processing publishes a petroleum-refining handbook, which gives processflow diagrams and data for more than 75 commercial processes. For each of the following processes in the November 1990 handbook, list the separation operations of the type given in Table 1.1 and indicate what chemical(s) is(are) being separated: (a) Hydrotreating (Chevron), p. 114 (b) Ethers (Phillips), p. 128 (c) Alkylation (Exxon), p. 130 (d) Treating of BTX cut (GKT), p. 136

Every other year, the magazine Hydrocarbon Processing
publishes a petroleum-refining handbook, which gives processflow diagrams and data for more than 75 commercial processes.
For each of the following processes in the November 1990 handbook, list the separation operations of the type given in Table 1.1
and indicate what chemical(s) is(are) being separated:
(a) Hydrotreating (Chevron), p. 114
(b) Ethers (Phillips), p. 128
(c) Alkylation (Exxon), p. 130
(d) Treating of BTX cut (GKT), p. 136

Transcript

00:01 Part a, hydro treating, chevron.

00:23 Hydro -treating is mainly a purification step in petroleum refining, intended to get rid of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metal -containing impurities from a range of feedstocks.

01:48 Following the catalytic reactor, the affluent is made.

02:07 Made up of of hydrogen, light hard hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfate, ammonia, water, and a purified liquid hydrocarbon stream.

03:15 Separation operations used.

03:31 Partial condensation, operation 1, the reactor of fluent is cooled so that hydrogen and methane are left in the vapor phase.

03:51 Well tricarbon cadion, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia, and hydrocarbons condense.

04:02 This is the first phase separation step.

04:07 Gas liquid absorption, operation 6, sour gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide and sometimes ammonia, are sent to an amine absorber.

04:33 The amine solvent absorbs hydrogen sulfide, selectively.

04:42 Stripping, operation 7, or reboiled absorption, operation 5.

05:06 The amine solvent is steam stripped to regenerate it and release the absorbed hydrogen sulfide.

05:16 Distillation, operation 3, the liquid hydrocarbon product is generally stabilized by getting rid of light gases and stripping out dissolved hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

05:42 Main chemicals separated.

05:56 Hydrogen versus hydrocarbon liquids.

06:15 Hydrogen sulfide.

06:18 Removal from gas and liquid streams.

06:37 Amonia and water removal.

06:49 Separation of light hydrocarbons.

07:05 C1 to c4 from the treated oil.

07:21 Part b.

07:25 Ether's, phillips.

07:44 This method refers to mtbe or tame production, in which isobutene or isoamylene from an fcc light naphtha reacts with methanol.

09:00 The reaction mixture includes unreacted hydrocarbons, methanol, ether product, and water.

09:40 The separation section is essential for recovering ether and recycling alcohol.

10:14 Separation operations used, distillation, operation 3, used extensively to separate the ether product, mtba or tame, from unreacted hydrocarbons.

10:52 Separates methanol from both ether and hydrocarbon phases.

10:56 And to purify the final product.

11:02 Liquid liquid extraction.

11:32 Operation 11.

11:40 Water is sometimes used to wash out methanol from the hydrocarbon phase, creating oculus and organic layers.

11:49 Drying.

11:52 Operation 13...