Explain How does the first law of thermodynamics extend the...

Key Concepts

First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental principle in physics that establishes the relationship between heat, work, and the internal energy of a system. It states that the energy added to a system as heat or removed from it as work results in an equivalent change in the system's internal energy, thereby extending the concept of energy conservation to thermodynamic processes.

Conservation of Energy

The principle of conservation of energy asserts that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. In the context of thermodynamics, this principle is upheld by the First Law, which quantifies how energy inputs and outputs (in the form of heat and work) affect a system's total energy.

Internal Energy

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a thermodynamic system, including kinetic and potential energies at the microscopic level. The First Law directly relates changes in internal energy to the net heat added to the system and the net work performed by the system, thereby integrating microscopic energy states with macroscopic energy transformations.

Heat and Work

Heat and work are the two primary modes of energy transfer in thermodynamics. Heat represents energy transfer due to temperature differences, while work represents energy transfer due to force acting over a distance. The First Law of Thermodynamics quantifies the balance between these two forms of energy transfer with respect to changes in the internal energy of a system.

Transcript

00:01 Hello and welcome to this video solution of numerate.

00:04 Here you have to explain how does the first law of thermodynamics extend the principle of conservation of energy, right? so what you can do here is the first we can write law thermodynamics.

00:30 This is the first law of the thermodynamics.

00:32 The mathematical expression is delta q that is equal to delta u plus w right? delta q is the net heat transfer, delta u is the change in internal energy.

00:56 And the w is the work done right by the system so this is the first law of thermodynamics and obviously this points to the energy change or conservation of energy sorry it points or it implies the conservation of energy principle so how this happens is let's say you've got a piston right piston and a cylinder so something like this let's say right and here you have a gas let's say it's compressed so what happens is you are started to heat this gas from lower side right so that means this is delta q that is a heat that you are supplying right now what happens is the temperature increases temperature of the gas increases due to this supply of heat now this temperature increase increases the internal energy of the gas delta u because internal energy is a function of temperature right as the temperature rises for the gas the internal energy also increases right now what happens the gas expands, right? due to increase in temperature, you know, this gas expands, right? and due to this expansion, this piston moves up, right? so let's say it has moved to this point, right? right? so what happens is there is additional expansion in volume, right? so when there is expansion in volume, let's say, is a volume expansion, work is done.

02:28 So work is p delta v, right? so work is done on the gas...

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