Figure shows four cell E, F, G and H of emfs 2 V, 1 V, 3 V and 1 V and internal resistances

step 1 have a circuit as all parameters are given as shown in figure and we find potential difference s

Figure shows four cell E, F, G and H of emfs 2 V, 1 V, 3...

Figure shows four cell $\mathrm{E}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{G}$ and $\mathrm{H}$ of emfs $2 \mathrm{~V}, 1 \mathrm{~V}, 3 \mathrm{~V}$ and $1 \mathrm{~V}$ and internal resistances $2 \Omega, 1 \Omega, 3 \Omega$ and $1 \Omega$ respectivelyThe Potential difference between the terminals of cell $\mathrm{G}$ is. (A) Equal to $3 \mathrm{~V}$ (B) More than $3 \mathrm{~V}$ (C) Between $2 \mathrm{~V}$ and $3 \mathrm{~V}$ (D) Between $1 \mathrm{~V}$ and $1.5 \mathrm{~V}$

Figure shows four cell $\mathrm{E}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{G}$ and $\mathrm{H}$ of emfs $2 \mathrm{~V}, 1 \mathrm{~V}, 3 \mathrm{~V}$ and $1 \mathrm{~V}$ and internal resistances $2 \Omega, 1 \Omega, 3 \Omega$ and $1 \Omega$ respectivelyThe Potential difference between the terminals of cell $\mathrm{G}$ is.
(A) Equal to $3 \mathrm{~V}$
(B) More than $3 \mathrm{~V}$
(C) Between $2 \mathrm{~V}$ and $3 \mathrm{~V}$
(D) Between $1 \mathrm{~V}$ and $1.5 \mathrm{~V}$

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Key Concepts

Electromotive Force (EMF)

This is the voltage generated by a battery or cell when no current is flowing. It represents the energy per unit charge available to drive the electrons through a circuit, and is fundamental in determining the performance of any power source.

Internal Resistance

Every cell has an inherent resistance to the flow of current within its own structure. This resistance causes a drop in the voltage measured at the cell's terminals when it is connected in a circuit, as part of the total EMF is lost across this resistance.

Terminal Voltage

The terminal voltage is the actual voltage available from a cell when it supplies current to a circuit. It is calculated by subtracting the voltage drop across the internal resistance (due to the flowing current) from the cell's EMF.

Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws

These laws, including the loop rule stating that the sum of voltage gains and drops around any closed loop in a circuit equals zero, are essential for analyzing circuits with multiple cells and resistances. They help in determining the current flow and in calculating the terminal voltages of individual cells.

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