For each of the following claims, determine whether it is...

Name: Problem 6, Chapter 6: Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments: An Introduction to Informal Logic
Uploaded: 2020-08-02T16:38:00-08:00
Duration: 36 s
Channel: Ian Shi
Description: For each of the following claims, determine whether it is true or false. Defend your answers. 1. An argument that is a substitution instance of a valid argument form is always valid. 2. An argument that is a substitution instance of an invalid argument form is always invalid. 3. An invalid argument is always a substitution instance of an invalid argument form.

For each of the following claims, determine whether it is true or false. Defend your answers. 1. An argument that is a substitution instance of a valid argument form is always valid. 2. An argument that is a substitution instance of an invalid argument form is always invalid. 3. An invalid argument is always a substitution instance of an invalid argument form.

For each of the following claims, determine whether it is true or false. Defend your answers.
1. An argument that is a substitution instance of a valid argument form is always valid.
2. An argument that is a substitution instance of an invalid argument form is always invalid.
3. An invalid argument is always a substitution instance of an invalid argument form.

Key Concepts

Valid Argument Form

A valid argument form is one whose structure guarantees that if all the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. This property of validity is independent of the specific content of the propositions and depends entirely on the logical structure of the argument.

Substitution Instance

A substitution instance occurs when one uniformly replaces the atomic formulas or schematic letters in an argument form with concrete formulas. This process produces a particular argument that shares the same logical structure as the original form. Importantly, if the original form is valid, every substitution instance will be valid as well.

Accidental Validity

Accidental validity is the phenomenon where a substitution instance of an argument form turns out to be valid even though the general form, when considered in full abstraction, is invalid. This happens because the specific content chosen for the instance may inadvertently satisfy the conditions needed for truth preservation.

Invalid Argument Form

An invalid argument form is one in which it is possible to have a substitution that yields a case where all the premises are true yet the conclusion is false. The invalidity here lies purely in the structure of the argument; it demonstrates that the form does not guarantee that the truth of all premises necessitates the truth of the conclusion.

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