Give an I U P A C systematic name for each of the following:...

Name: Problem 1, Chapter 17: Organic Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-07-10T19:26:42-08:00
Duration: 13 min 54 s
Channel: Anish Wadhwa
Description: Give an I U P A C systematic name for each of the following:

Key Concepts

Functional Group Priority

In compounds with multiple functional groups, IUPAC nomenclature assigns a priority order to these groups. The group with the highest priority determines the suffix of the compound’s name, while other groups are named as prefixes. This system helps in conveying the chemical reactivity and characteristics of the compound clearly.

Structural Naming

Structural naming involves analyzing the molecular structure to determine the arrangement of atoms and bonds. This includes selecting the base structure, identifying any branches or substituents, and applying the appropriate nomenclature rules. The resulting name reflects the detailed connectivity within the molecule, ensuring that different structures have distinct names.

IUPAC Systematic Nomenclature

This is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It provides a unique and systematic way to describe both the composition and structure of compounds, ensuring clear communication across the scientific community.

Nomenclature Rules

The naming process follows a set of rules that include identifying the longest continuous carbon chain (the parent chain), numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and arranging substituents in alphabetical order. This systematic approach minimizes ambiguity in the description of complex molecular structures.

Transcript

00:03 Suppose you want to name different carboxylic acids using appropriate iupac rules.

00:11 Let's take this first example.

00:13 Now, an important rule to note for iupac naming of carboxylic acids is that, well, carboxylic acids are always given highest priority.

00:31 And what is meant by this is that no matter how many different functional groups are present in the molecule, if there is a carboxylic acid functional group, that will be given highest priority.

00:46 And whichever carbon is attached to that functional group will have carbon number one.

00:54 And that will be given our highest priority.

00:56 So for this example, our carbon number one would be right here, which is right next to the oxygens of the carboxylic acid.

01:04 In other words, it is the carboxylic acid carbon.

01:08 And this is true for all molecules of carboxylic acids.

01:14 So if we were to just follow along with nomenclature, as we've learned in the past, that you want to find the highest chain, or the longest chain.

01:26 And if we were to number our carbons, we get two different paths.

01:29 We get this red path and this blue path.

01:36 Now, which one has more carbons? it would be the red path.

01:40 So that will be our longest chain, and that will be our main chain for our molecule.

01:47 So we know that four carbons is butane.

01:51 Now, another rule for nomenclature is when there's a carboxylic acid, we will drop the e and add oic acid.

02:05 So this is butan -oic acid.

02:12 However, we are still not done, because we are.

02:15 We still have this carbon right here that we need to take into account.

02:21 And, well, that is one carbon, and we know that to be a methyl group, and it's attached to carbon two.

02:28 So we will add methyl -2, two methylbutanoeic acid, and that is the name of our molecule.

02:39 Let's try another example.

02:43 Now, when there are alkenes present, carboxylic acids are still going to be given highest priority.

02:51 They are given the highest priority out of any functional group.

02:54 So we know that this chain will end with oic acid, or our name will end with oic acid.

03:05 But how many carbons are in our chain? well, let's start by numbering them.

03:09 Carbon number one would be right here with the carboxylic acid.

03:13 Two, three, four, and five.

03:17 So we've got pentane, so pentanoic acid.

03:21 But we need to make sure to include that alken.

03:25 So instead of pentenoic acid, we get rid of that a -n and add e -n in reference to our al -keen group.

03:38 So it will be a pentinoic acid.

03:42 However, with alkenes, we also need to take into account stereochemistry.

03:49 So what stereochemistry would be present for an alkein, where the highest, priority relative to the alken are on the same side.

04:01 Well, there are two ways to name that, and the first way is cis pentinoic acid, and the other way is z -pentinoic acid.

04:26 But are we done? and the answer is, well, no, we are not done.

04:33 And we need to take into account where our alken is.

04:36 And it is on carbon number three, because we always take the lowest number for our alkenes or alkynes.

04:46 So we will say either cis three pentinoic acid, or we will say z, should be in parentheses, three pentinoic acid.

05:12 Because our highest priority groups relative to the alkenes are on the same side of the alken or the double bond.

05:23 So we will use cis or z.

05:28 Let's try this example.

05:31 Now, this one is a little bit more challenging relative to the other molecules because although it looks like it has a carboxylic acid, it's a salt.

05:44 It's not exactly a carboxylic acid.

05:48 It is an ionic compound made with sodium and oxygen.

05:53 So the oxygen would have a negative charge and the sodium would have a positive charge, making it an ionic compound.

06:01 And how we name ionic compounds is say, so we have our alkan.

06:07 And we know that with carboxylic acids, it would be called an alkenoic acid.

06:14 Right? we just get rid of the e and we replace it with oic.

06:19 And when we have salts, well, we replace our ick with 8.

06:30 So it would be al -can -o -8 acid.

06:39 And this is also true for esters because this is an ester molecule.

06:46 And later when we will name esters, we will use 08 as our suffix as well.

06:53 So that is a good note to keep in mind.

06:57 And our first carbon will always be the carbon of our carboxylic acid...