Give the IUPAC name for each of the following, using cis or trans prefixes: (FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

Name: Problem 29, Chapter 11: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-06-04T15:15:40-08:00
Duration: 4 min 14 s
Channel: Lottie Adams
Description: Give the IUPAC name for each of the following, using cis or trans prefixes: (FIGURE CAN'T COPY)

step 1 just look at some cis and trans isomers now. So we've got some example structures and we're gonn

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following, using cis or...

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds based on their structure. This system assigns a unique name to each compound by identifying the longest carbon chain, substituents, functional groups, and other relevant features in a logical order. The aim is to provide clarity and uniformity in naming across different regions and disciplines, making it easier for chemists to understand and communicate chemical structures.

Geometric Isomerism

Geometric isomerism refers to the phenomenon where molecules with the same molecular formula have different spatial arrangements of atoms due to restricted rotation, typically around double bonds or cyclic structures. These isomers are distinguished by terms like 'cis' and 'trans', which indicate the relative positions of certain substituents. Geometric isomerism is crucial in determining the physical and chemical properties of compounds.

Cis-Trans Prefixes

Cis-trans prefixes are used in the IUPAC naming system to indicate the spatial configuration of substituents in compounds exhibiting geometric isomerism. The 'cis' prefix is assigned when similar or higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond or ring, while the 'trans' prefix is used when they are on opposite sides. These labels help in distinguishing isomers that, despite having the same connectivity of atoms, differ significantly in their arrangement and properties.

Transcript

00:01 Just look at some cis and trans isomers now.

00:04 So we've got some example structures and we're gonna figure out how we name them.

00:09 So just to make it a little bit easier on ourselves, i've already drawn out our structures and i've already drawn out whether they're cis or trans to start off with.

00:19 However, we're gonna be rationalizing why we think this, which is the most important part.

00:25 So let's start off with our first example in the top left.

00:29 So we're naming any kind of compound we start with counting the carbons so we can count we start from the other side one two three four five six yes so we have hex hex means six we have hex two in and that is because we have a double bond on the second carbon right here and now if we were to draw a airplane down this double bond, we would see that the two biggest groups of priority, because remember we would have a hydrogen here and a hydrogen here, our two biggest groups of priority, which are our carbons are on the same side, and so they are six.

01:24 Moving on to our next example, again, it's hex twoene, and that is because we have six carbons in the chain, and we have a double bond on the second carbon.

01:39 However, now if we draw a line down the middle of this double bond, you see that our carbons are on opposite sides.

01:48 And so now it is trans.

01:55 Okay, so these cannot interchange because of the double bonds.

02:01 So you won't see them interchange in between cis and trans.

02:03 They are what we know as to be called locked, confirmationally locked.

02:10 So let's move on to our next examples here.

02:12 So starting on the left.

02:15 So we have one, two carbons, so we've got ethene, ethyne.

02:25 And we have ein because we've got a double bond.

02:29 It's the only place we can have a double bond, so we don't need to number the carbon...