Give the the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate: a. b. (c) 2 -methylheptane (d

Give the the name or condensed structural formula, as...

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

This is the systematic method for naming organic compounds as endorsed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible locants, and naming the substituents in a specific order. This system provides a unique and standardized name for every compound, which is essential for clear scientific communication.

Condensed Structural Formulas

Condensed structural formulas represent organic molecules in a simplified format that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without drawing every bond. They are useful tools for depicting complex branching and substituent arrangements in organic compounds while maintaining clarity and brevity.

Alkane Nomenclature

Alkane nomenclature focuses on naming saturated hydrocarbons, which are composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single bonds. This involves determining the longest continuous carbon chain, identifying the presence and position of any substituents, and using appropriate prefixes and numbering to generate a systematic name.

Cycloalkane Nomenclature

Cycloalkane nomenclature deals with the naming of cyclic compounds. The rules are similar to those for acyclic compounds, but special attention is paid to the ring structure, the position of substituents on the ring, and the numbering sequence that minimizes the locants of substituents.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so we want to give the name or structural formula for the following.

00:04 And in the first one, we have a six carbon chain with a group on carbon two.

00:17 And it's a ch3, so it's a methyl group.

00:21 So a six carbon chain, the name is, the parent name is hexane.

00:25 And because we have this ch3, which is a derivative of methane, it's going to be a methyl.

00:30 It's on carbon 2.

00:32 So this is going to be 2 methyl hexane.

00:44 So again, methyl for methane, which is a th4.

00:48 And then here, this group is only ch3, because the carbon is bound in three hydrogens, but it's also bound to this carbon 2.

00:57 And hexane is 6.

01:01 X1 is a 10 carbon chain.

01:12 And we have a methyl on carbon 2 and 4, as well as an ethanol on carbon 4.

01:23 Okay, so the paradigm for a 10 carbon chain is decane, and a ch2 -ch3 group right here, again, as an ethyl.

01:36 And we always want to count with the lowest amount of numbers possible.

01:39 So we're going to count from right to left as opposed to left to right.

01:44 Because here we have 2, 2, and 4, as opposed to this way, which would be 7 and 9.

01:57 So as a result, the name for the structure is going to be 2 .4 -dymethyl.

02:07 I mean 2.

02:08 Oh, wait, i'm sorry.

02:12 So the e and ethel comes before the m in methyl alphabetically.

02:17 So it's going to be 4 -ethyl first.

02:22 And then it's going to be 2 -4 -dy -methyl.

02:30 And the pair names deccane, which is 10 carbons.

02:35 So the e comes before the m and methyl.

02:42 Next one is 2 methyl heptane.

02:45 So heptane is 7 carbons.

02:47 The methyl is the ch3 derivative of methane, and it's on carbon 2.

02:56 So formula for this, there are 7 carbons in hepatine, then 1 for the methyl group.

03:03 So we're going to have 8 in total...

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