Given nonzero vectors $\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v},$ and $\mathbf{w},$ use dot product and cross product notation, as appropriate, to describe the following.
a. The vector projection of $\mathbf{u}$ onto $\mathbf{v}$
b. A vector orthogonal to $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$
c. A vector orthogonal to $\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w}$
d. The volume of the parallelepiped determined by $\mathbf{u}, \mathbf{v},$ and $\mathbf{w}$
e. A vector orthogonal to $\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{u} \times \mathbf{w}$
f. A vector of length $|\mathbf{u}|$ in the direction of $\mathbf{v}$