Given the amounts of reactants shown, calculate the...

Given the amounts of reactants shown, calculate the theoretical yield in grams of the product of each of these unbalanced chemical equations. a. $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)$ $30.0 \mathrm{g} \quad 12.0 \mathrm{g} \quad$ ? $\mathrm{g}$ b. $\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{HCl}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$ $24.3 \mathrm{g} \quad 10.0 \mathrm{g}$ $? g$ c. $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}(a q)$ $1 ? \mathrm{g}$ $11.6 \mathrm{g} \quad 10.0 \mathrm{g}$

Given the amounts of reactants shown, calculate the theoretical yield in grams of the product of each of these unbalanced chemical equations.
a. $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)$
$30.0 \mathrm{g} \quad 12.0 \mathrm{g} \quad$ ? $\mathrm{g}$
b. $\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{HCl}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$
$24.3 \mathrm{g} \quad 10.0 \mathrm{g}$
$? g$
c. $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}(a q)$
$1 ? \mathrm{g}$
$11.6 \mathrm{g} \quad 10.0 \mathrm{g}$

Key Concepts

Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed first, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be produced. Its identification is crucial for calculating the theoretical yield, as the extent of the reaction is limited by this reactant.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations is the process of ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the reaction. This step is fundamental because the balanced equation provides the necessary stoichiometric ratios used in all subsequent quantitative calculations, such as determining the limiting reactant and theoretical yield.

Mole-to-Mole Conversions

Mole-to-mole conversions involve using the coefficients from a balanced chemical equation to relate the number of moles of one substance to the number of moles of another. This conversion is essential in determining the amounts of reactants required or products formed during a reaction.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves using balanced chemical equations to determine the proportions of substances involved, allowing one to calculate the amount of products formed from given quantities of reactants or vice versa.

Theoretical Yield

The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be generated in a chemical reaction, calculated based on the stoichiometry of the balanced equation and the initial amounts of reactants. It represents an ideal scenario where the reaction proceeds with complete efficiency and no losses.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole. It is a key concept that allows the conversion between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, facilitating stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.

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