Question

How do cyanides exert their toxic effect?

   How do cyanides exert their toxic effect?

Chemistry for Changing Times

Chemistry for Changing Times

John W. Hill; Terry… 14th Edition

Chapter 22, Problem 15

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Solved by Expert Maryam Riaz

10/31/2021

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They are extremely toxic poisons and include salts such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Show more…

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How do cyanides exert their toxic effect?

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Key Concepts

Mitochondrial Respiration

Mitochondrial respiration is the process by which cells utilize oxygen to convert nutrients into energy in the form of ATP. This process takes place in the mitochondria and involves a series of protein complexes that facilitate electron transfer, ultimately driving the production of a proton gradient used to synthesize ATP.

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons through redox reactions. This transfer is coupled with the pumping of protons across the membrane, which creates a gradient that is essential for ATP synthesis, making it a critical component of cellular energy production.

Cytochrome c Oxidase Inhibition

Cytochrome c oxidase, also known as Complex IV, is the final enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and plays a key role in transferring electrons to oxygen. Inhibition of this enzyme disrupts the transfer of electrons, halting the production of ATP and leading to an energy crisis within the cell.

ATP Synthesis Disruption

ATP synthesis is the process by which cells generate energy through the use of the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain. Disruption of this process, due to interference with enzyme function such as that seen with cytochrome c oxidase inhibition, results in decreased ATP production, compromising cellular functions and viability.

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