Identify each case in which the name is incorrect. Give the...

Identify each case in which the name is incorrect. Give the correct name. a. $\mathrm{BaH}_{2}$ , barium hydroxide b. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ , disodium oxide c. $\mathrm{SnCl}_{4}, \operatorname{tin}(\mathrm{IV})$ chloride d. $\mathrm{SiO}_{2},$ silver dioxide e. $\mathrm{FeBr}_{3},$ iron(III) bromide

Identify each case in which the name is incorrect. Give the correct name.
a. $\mathrm{BaH}_{2}$ , barium hydroxide
b. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ , disodium oxide
c. $\mathrm{SnCl}_{4}, \operatorname{tin}(\mathrm{IV})$ chloride
d. $\mathrm{SiO}_{2},$ silver dioxide
e. $\mathrm{FeBr}_{3},$ iron(III) bromide

Key Concepts

Use of Numerical Prefixes

Numerical prefixes such as 'mono-', 'di-', 'tri-', etc., are often used in the nomenclature of molecular (covalent) compounds to indicate the number of each type of atom present. However, in ionic compounds these prefixes are typically avoided for the metal component because the stoichiometry is determined by charge balance, leading to potential misnomers if applied incorrectly.

Identification of Ion Types

Correctly recognizing whether an ion is simple (like hydride, H?) or a polyatomic ion (like hydroxide, OH?) is crucial for proper naming. Confusing these ions leads to errors in the name of the compound; for example, misidentifying BaH2 as containing hydroxide rather than hydride results in an incorrect name.

Ionic Compound Nomenclature

Ionic compounds are named by first stating the name of the cation (usually a metal) followed by the name of the anion (a nonmetal), often modified with the suffix '-ide' for simple anions. This systematic approach helps identify errors in naming when the expected conventions (like using the element name without prefixes) are not followed.

Oxidation State Designation

When a metal can exhibit more than one oxidation state, its specific state is indicated in the compound's name using Roman numerals in parentheses. This convention removes ambiguity regarding the metal’s charge and ensures that compounds like tin(IV) chloride are correctly identified in comparison to other possible oxidation states.

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