In an n-p-n transistor, the collector current is 10 mA, if 90 % of the electrons emitted reach

step 1 So collector current, collector current, IC equal 90 by 100 into IE, IE equal emitter current. S

In an n-p-n transistor, the collector current is 10 mA, if...

In an $n-p-n$ transistor, the collector current is $10 \mathrm{~mA}$, if $90 \%$ of the electrons emitted reach the collector, the emitter current $\left(I_{E}\right)$ and base current $\left(I_{B}\right)$ are given by (a) $I_{E}=-1 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{b}=9 \mathrm{~mA}$ (b) $I_{E}=9 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{B}=-1 \mathrm{~mA}$ (c) $l_{E}=1 \mathrm{~mA}, l_{B}=11 \mathrm{~mA}$ (d) $I_{E}=11 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{B}=1 \mathrm{~mA}$

In an $n-p-n$ transistor, the collector current is $10 \mathrm{~mA}$, if $90 \%$ of the electrons emitted reach the collector, the emitter current $\left(I_{E}\right)$ and base current $\left(I_{B}\right)$ are given by
(a) $I_{E}=-1 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{b}=9 \mathrm{~mA}$
(b) $I_{E}=9 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{B}=-1 \mathrm{~mA}$
(c) $l_{E}=1 \mathrm{~mA}, l_{B}=11 \mathrm{~mA}$
(d) $I_{E}=11 \mathrm{~mA}, I_{B}=1 \mathrm{~mA}$

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Key Concepts

Current Direction and Sign Conventions

Proper analysis of transistor circuits requires careful attention to the sign conventions associated with current direction. Typically, the emitter current is considered as the sum of the forward-flowing currents into the collector and base, and understanding these conventions is necessary to correctly interpret circuit analysis results.

Bipolar Junction Transistor Operation

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a semiconductor device in which the emitter current is the sum of the collector and base currents (IE = IC + IB). This fundamental relationship is essential for understanding how the currents in a transistor are interrelated and is crucial when analyzing or designing transistor circuits.

Collector Efficiency

Collector efficiency refers to the fraction or percentage of carriers emitted from the emitter that successfully reach the collector. This efficiency determines the relationship between the emitter and collector currents, and it is used to calculate the emitter current from a known collector current, with the remainder contributing to the base current.

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