In which of the following pairs is the name incorrect? a....

In which of the following pairs is the name incorrect? a. Sil $_{4}$ , silver iodide b. $\mathrm{CoCl}_{2},$ copper (II) chloride c. $\mathrm{CaH}_{2}$ , hydrocalcinic acid d. $\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},$ zinc acetate e. $\mathrm{PH}_{3},$ phosphoric trihydride

In which of the following pairs is the name incorrect?
a. Sil $_{4}$ , silver iodide
b. $\mathrm{CoCl}_{2},$ copper (II) chloride
c. $\mathrm{CaH}_{2}$ , hydrocalcinic acid
d. $\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},$ zinc acetate
e. $\mathrm{PH}_{3},$ phosphoric trihydride

Key Concepts

Proper Use of Element Symbols and Chemical Formulas

Correct chemical nomenclature requires that the element symbols used in formulas match those officially designated for each element. Misidentifying an element by using an incorrect or nonstandard symbol can lead to formulas that do not correctly represent the compound, emphasizing the importance of verifying atomic symbols against the periodic table.

Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are named by stating the cation first and then the anion. The compound’s formula must reflect the charges of the ions so that neutrality is achieved. Errors in naming often arise when the formula does not match the proper ionic constituents or when common names are inappropriately applied to compounds that should follow systematic naming conventions.

Oxidation States in Transition Metal Nomenclature

Transition metals can form ions with different charges, and it is essential to indicate the oxidation state of these metals in the compound’s name, typically by using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the metal’s name. This explicit notation helps distinguish between compounds with similar formulas but different chemical properties due to varying oxidation states.

Nomenclature of Hydrides

Hydrides are compounds in which hydrogen is combined with another element. Their naming follows specific rules that depend on the nature of the other element (metal or nonmetal). For nonmetal hydrides, names are often based on the root name of the nonmetal with an appropriate suffix, whereas for metal hydrides, the metal name is preserved and the anionic descriptor ‘hydride’ is used. Correct naming is crucial to avoid confusion with other types of compounds such as acids.

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