Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the...

Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the oxidation number of the metal as well as the number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for each of the following complexes: (a) $\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]$ (b) $\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdBr}_{4}\right]$ (c) $\left[\mathrm{Pt}(\mathrm{en})_{3}\right]\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}\right)_{4}$ (d) $\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)\right]^{+}$ (e) $\mathrm{NH}_{4}\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{NCS})_{4}\right]$ (f) $\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\text { bipy })_{2} \mathrm{I}\right] \mathrm{I}$

Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the oxidation number of the metal as well as the number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for each of the following complexes:
(a) $\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]$
(b) $\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdBr}_{4}\right]$
(c) $\left[\mathrm{Pt}(\mathrm{en})_{3}\right]\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}\right)_{4}$
(d) $\left[\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)\right]^{+}$
(e) $\mathrm{NH}_{4}\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{NCS})_{4}\right]$
(f) $\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\text { bipy })_{2} \mathrm{I}\right] \mathrm{I}$

Key Concepts

Coordination Number

The coordination number refers to the total number of donor atoms (from one or more ligands) that are directly bonded to the central metal atom or ion in a complex. It is a key parameter that influences the geometry of the compound—for example, coordination numbers of 4 and 6 typically give rise to tetrahedral, square planar, or octahedral structures.

Oxidation Number

The oxidation number (or oxidation state) of the metal in a coordination complex is a formal charge assigned to the metal assuming that all bonds to the surrounding ligands are fully ionic. This value is crucial for determining the overall charge of the complex and understanding the metal's electron configuration and reactivity.

Ligands and Donor Atoms

Ligands are ions or molecules that donate electrons to the central metal, forming coordinate covalent bonds. The specific atoms within the ligand that bond to the metal are known as donor atoms. This concept is essential for understanding how different ligands modify the electronic environment and the steric properties of the metal center.

Polydentate Ligands

Polydentate ligands, also called chelating agents, have multiple donor atoms that can simultaneously bind to a central metal ion, forming ring structures. The chelation effect often results in more stable and less labile complexes compared to those formed with monodentate ligands, and it plays a significant role in determining the coordination number and geometry of the complex.

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